dp1-3

organism

an individual that is living

biotic

living

abiotic

non living

what is a cell

the smallest unit that is capable of performing life functions

cell theory

all organisms are composed of cells
all cells come from pre-existing cells
cell is the smallest living organisational unit

4 common factors between all cells

ribosomes
genetic material
cytosol
plasma membrane

prokaryotic cells

cells without a nucleus or other membrane-bound organelles

eukaryotic cells

cells that have a nucleus and other membrane-bound organelles

eukaryotic kingdoms

protists
fungi
plants
animals

prokaryotic kingdoms

archaea
bacteria

mrs gren

move, reproduce, sense, grow, respire, excrete, nutrition

eukaryotic features

linear dna
plasma membrane encloses cytoplasm

prokaryotic features

genetic marerial is one circular dna chromosome located in nucleoid
many contain small rings of plasmids
cell wall

multicellular

made up of more than one cell

unicellular

single celled

surface area to volume ratio

relationship between the amount of plasma membrane exposed to the external environment and the volume of the cell

why is a high sa:v ratio good

more efficient at moving substances

how to increase sa:v

flattening cells
cells have organelles to help move materials
become multicellular

relationship between sa:v and cell size

smaller sa:v = bigger cell
bigger sa:v = smaller cell

organelle

compartment within a cell that performs specific functions

compartmentalisation

the separation of cellular activities into various compartments or organelles inside the cell

nucleus

double membrane bound organelle
contains genetic information
stores and executes genetic code in dna

rough endoplasmic reticulum

ribosomes on surface produce proteins
transported into vesicles

smooth endoplasmic reticulum

synthesises and transports lipids

ribosome

synthesis of proteins
located in cytosol and rough er
not an organelle

golgi aparatus

modifies and packages proteins for secretory vesicles
exports proteins from cell by exocytosis

vesicle

membrane bound sac
transports materials between organelles and within the cell
exports molecules by exocytosis
brings in molecules by endocytosis
produced by er and golgi membranes

lysosome

breaks down materials no longer required for foreign matter using enzymes
only animal cells

vacuole

stores substances
maintains structure
large central vacuole in plant cells

cell wall

cellular structure and protection
made of cellulose

cilia/flagella

provide mobility or movement of fluid
cilia and shorter
flagella longer

chloroplast

double membrane
site of photosynthesis
chlorophyll capture sun energy
only in photosynthetic cells (no root cells)

mitochondria

site of aerobic cellular respiration
releases useable energy