Studied by 45 Peoplemajor components of physical fitness
Tags & Description
major components of physical fitness
cardiorespiratory endurance muscular endurance muscular strength body composition flexibility
cardiorespiratory endurance
the ability of the circulatory and respiratory systems to supply oxygen during sustained physical activity
body composition
amount of muscle, fat, bone, and other vital parts of the body
muscular strength
the ability of a muscle to exert force
muscular endurance
the ability of muscle to continue to perform without fatigue, and the ability to recover
flexibility
the range of motion available at a joint
glucose
high intensity uses more
fat
recovery uses more
maximal lactate steady state
max level of intensity without muscle fatigue
crossover point
the point where energy systems switch from fat to glucose
type I
slow oxidative fibers
type IIa
fast oxidative glycolytic fibers
type IIb
fast-twitch glycolytic fibers
mitochondria
oxidative metabolism occurs in the
cytoplasm
glycolysis occurs in the
genetically
ratio of muscle fibers is ___________ determined
anabolism
grow tissue
catabolism
lose tissue
diameter
changing ________ of muscle fibers not amount of muscle fibers
contraction
when tension is developed in a muscle as a result of a stimulus
isometric
contraction in a muscle that just causes tension no change in length (no movement)
isotonic
tension with shortening or lengthening of the muscle (movement)
concentric
muscle shortens (causes movement)
eccentric
muscle lengthens (controls movement)
agonist
muscle that causes joint motion (primary mover)
antagonist
muscle that relaxes to allow joint motion, located opposite from the agonist
homeostasis
the ability of the body to maintain a relative constant internal environment despite ever-changing external environment
gerontology
the branch of science that investigates the aging process and tries to identify and control the variables that lead to functional decline
chronological age
how old you are in years
biological age
certain aspects of aging are under an individuals control (physiological age)
apoptosis
programmed cell death
integumentary system
skin thins, decrease in collagen and elastin reduction in nerve centers lost ability to control body temperature
skeletal system
osteoclast activity outpaces osteoblast activity leading to osteoporosis increased risk of osteoarthritis reduction in calcium, phosphorus, and vitamin D
muscular system
type I fibers: number of blood vessels, myoglobin, and mitochondria diminish type II fibers: function decreases
regulatory systems
regulate all other body systems loss of neurons over time reduction in responsiveness to hormones less effective immune system irregular sleep patterns
cardiovascular system
remove carbon dioxide, add oxygen increase in atherosclerosis blood vessels stiffen reduced capillaries increased edema heart stiffens causing increase in systolic blood pressure
respiratory system
lung capacity decreases elastic turns to collagen
digestive system
converts food into energy and gets rid of waste biggest effect is on teeth medications absorption of nutrients diminishes
immune/lymphatic systems
increased risk of infection and decreased ability to fight infection slower wound healing higher rates of tumor development
urinary system
kidneys become less effective bladder loses elasticity
reproductive system
changes in estrogen levels
isokinetic
isotonic contractions under controlled resistance
precautions during exercise
inability to regulate body temperature loss of range of motion decrease in lean tissue loss of balance loss of cardiorespiratory functioning barriers to exercise
sarcopenia
decrease in lean tissue
behavior
anything an organism /living being does, thinks, or feels
changing
_________ behavior is a multidimensional aspect of what we do
transtheoretical model
change does not occur all at once (lengthy process) ~decisional balance ~stages of change ~processes of change ~self-efficacy
stages of change
change is slow, each behavior goes through a cycle 5 steps
precontemplation
stage 1 of change I can't/I won't 6 months from change