exam 1

darkroom safelight must be

red

x-rays are invisible and can cause biological damage to living tissue

which is a true statement

radiation protection to the individual is important

during all phases of life of males and females

kilovoltage (contrast)…

is the penetrating power of the x-ray photons

milliamperage ()…

controls primarily the density of the film

scattered radiation is

increased by an increase in kilovoltage

contrast on a radiograph image is mostly dependent on

the differences in x-ray penetration due to tissue density

kV affects the image primarily in the range of

contrast

the effect on the image as kV is increased beyond ideal will be

decreased contrast

stochastic effect

are usually random in nature

ALARA concept is primarily used to protect

the general public

ALARA

AS LOW AS RESONABLY ACHIEVABLE

which of the following is most effective in protecting a patient

high kVp, low mA, 40” distance

in the x-ray room, radiation is produced

within an x-ray tube that has an anode and cathode

three methods of protection for the x-ray personnel are time, distance, and shielding. which of the following is true regarding protection?

time measures the amount of exposure during the examination

the care of leaded aprons should include

handing them by the shoulders, with no folds or creases

accurate measurement of a patients body is essential

to accurately set the correct exposure factors

radiation workers should be equipped with a person dosimeter

that should be stored in a location where it will not be exposed to radiation

milliamperage - seconds contributes mainly to

density

an advantage of computerized radiography over film imaging is

easier access to the images by the veterinarian

25 milliseconds is equivalent to

0.025 seconds

the purpose of the rotating anode is to dissipate the large amount of heat generated by x-ray production

true

the thicker part of the patient should be placed on the x-ray table toward the (-) sign on the x-ray tube

true

anode heel effect

thicker part of patient should be placed towards the cathode side of x-ray tube

anode is

(+) charged

cathode is

(-) charged

kV

kilavoltage

mA

miliamperage

kVp

kilovoltage peak

mAs

milliampere-seconds

ALARA

AS LOW AS RESONABILIY ACHIEVABLE

WHEN x-raying deep chest dog which side of the table should the head face

cathode side

how do you know what area to measure on an animal when taking an x-ray

thickest part with caliper

what are blockers used for?

pieces of leaded material that serve a specific purpose related to radiation safety and image quaility

what part of the machine sizes the x-ray beam for the image?

collimator

define contrast

• gray

• kVp

• difference in brightness between structures or tissues on image

what is an illuminator

refers to the light box, used to uniformly illuminate radiographic films for viewing and interpretation

what 4 settings affect radiographic quality

1. kVp

2. mAs

3. Distance

4. time

motion on x-ray

this artifact are things such as: tail wagging, patient moving

blurred, smeared, fuzzy

how does foreshortening occur on x-ray

images that appear on the image to be shorter than the true object

misalignment, not perpendicular

how does blur occur on x-ray

patient moves, heartbeat, breathing

how does magnification occur on x-ray

collimated and cassette are closer to patient, “wrong distance”, cassette on table, collimated very close to patient

venous blood draws on cat

• medial saphenous vein

• jugular vein

• cephalic vein

venous blood draw on dog

• jugular vein

• cephalic vein

• lateral saphenous vein

IM injection on cat

• epaxial

• semi membranous and semitendonous

• quadricep

IM injection dog

• epaxial

• quad

• semimembranous and semitendonous

parts of rib cage

• manubrium

• xiphoid process

organs in the intestines of an x-ray

• esophagus, trachea, heart,

• lungs, liver, diaphragm, kidneys, large intestines, small intestines, bladder

vertebrae

• cervical - 7

• thoracic - 13

• lumbar - 7

• sacral - 3

• coccygeal (caudal) - 5

coxofemoral

hip joint

lateral extended

extended

flexed x-ray

flexed

acetabulum

part of the pelvis where the head of the femur sits

greater trochanter of femur

strong hip abductors

tarsus

joint

tarsals

bones