Child Abuse (Chapter 8)

Based on data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, it is estimated that approximately of pregnant women used illicit drugs in the previous 30 days?
a. 1%
b. 3%
c. 5%
d. 10%

Based on data from the National Survey on Drug Use and Health, it is estimated that approximately of pregnant women used illicit drugs in the previous 30 days?
a. 1%
b. 3%
c. 5%
d. 10%

5%

The Us. Department of Health and Human Services estimated that fetuses are exposed to substances each year in the United States.
a. 250,000
b. 500,000
c. 1,000,000
d. 3,000,000

1,000,000

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome is
a. not linked with intellectual disability
b. one of the leading, preventable causes of intellectual disability
c. most commonly linked to severe intellectual disability (IQ less than 45)

One of the leading, preventable causes of intellectual disability

Dysmorphic features, including a flat nasal bridge is associated with prenatal exposure to
a. Alcohol
b. Marijuana
c. Cocaine
d. All of the above

Alcohol

With regard to prenatal exposure to alcohol, the broadest term is:
a. fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)
b. partial FAS (pFAS)
c. alcohol related birth defects (ARBD)
d. alcohol related neurodevelopmental disorder (ARND)

Fetal alcohol spectrum disorders (FASD)

Which of the following is not associated with prenatal exposure to nicotine?
a. Low birth weight
b. Respiratory problems
c. Sudden Infant Death Syndrome
d. All of the above are associated with prenatal exposure to nicotine

All of the above are associated with prenatal exposure to nicotine

Prenatal exposure to appears to have the most dire consequences of all forms of prenatal substance abuse.
a. alcohol
b. over-the-counter drugs
c. illegal drugs
cigarettes

Alcohol

Which case involved charging a woman with delivering drugs to a minor through the umbilical cord?
a. State v. Whitner
b. State v. McKnight
c. State v. Johnson
d. People v. Stewart

State v. McKnight

Which case marked the first time a woman was charged with child abuse for drug use during pregnancy?
a. State v. Pfannenstiel
b. State v. Whitner
c. State v. McKnight
d. State v. Johnson

State v. Pfannenstiel

Pameala Rae Stewart was charged with failure to deliver support to her child while she was pregnant (she did not avoid drugs, or intercourse, nor did she stay off her feet as ordered). What was the court's decision?
a. Stewart was found guilty of homicide by child abuse.
b. Stewart was found guilty of child neglect.
c. Stewart was found guilty of child endangerment.
d. The case was dismissed.

The case was dismissed

Cornelia Whitner's son was born with cocaine metabolites in his system. She pled guilty to
a. negligent homicide
b. manslaughter
c. criminal child neglect
d. child physical abuse

Criminal Child Neglect

Which of the following women was found guilty of homicide by child abuse?
a. Johnson
b. Stewart
c. Whitner
d. McKnight

McKnight

Charles and Shivas argue that the motivation for the prosecution of fetal abuse
a. is solely based on concern for the child
b. may be about attacking the mother's character
c. is the same regardless of what endangers the fetus (drugs or high-order
multiple births)

May be about attacking the mother's character

True/False Maternal depression increases the risk for fetal abuse

True

True/False Cocaine has more negative effects on fetal development than does alcohol.

False

True/False The effects of cocaine on the developing fetus were initially overestimated by researchers and the media.

True

True/False Cocaine has no negative effects on fetal development.

False

True/False The number of women who smoke while pregnant seems to be declining in the last 15 years.

True

True/False If a heroin addict uses methadone instead of heroin during pregnancy, their fetus will develop normally.

False

True/False Buprenorphine is thought to be a safer treatment for pregnant women who are addicted to heroin than is methadone.

True

True/False Buprenorphine has no negative effects on the fetus.

False

True/False There is a serious shortage of treatment programs available for pregnant women who are addicted to drugs.

True

True/False Doctors in all U.S. states are mandated to report pregnant women who use substances to Child Protective Services

False

True/False There is significant public support for the criminal prosecution of pregnant women who use drugs.

True

True/False If a child is prenatally exposed to drugs, they are at an increased risk for being maltreated after they are born

True

List five possible causes for fetal abuse

Any 5 of these:
Addiction
Depression
Mixed feelings about pregnancy
Problems in interpersonal relationships
History of drinking alcohol before pregnancy
History of being abused or being exposed to violence
Low education levels
Teen mothers who felt "pushed around"
Rarely - perception that the fetus is attacking or depriving the mother

Why is it difficult to determine the impact of a drug on fetal development?

First, many people are polydrug users, so it is difficult to determine the effect on any one drug. Second, drug use during pregnancy often occurs along with other things that are not ideal for fetal development (e.g., poor nutrition, poverty, homelessness, minimal prenatal care). Third, the impact of any drug may be different depending on when during the pregnancy the mother uses that drug.

What is fetal alcohol syndrome?

a series of birth defects resulting from a mother's consumption of alcohol during pregnancy. Symptoms include intellectual disability, low birth weight, head and face abnormalities, and growth deficiencies

What racial problem is associated with mandatory reporting of positive drug screens on newborns?

There is a concern about racial discrimination: minorities have been tested and reported at a higher rate than are Caucasians.

What is meant by "civil commitment"?

the confinement of a person who is ill, incompetent, or addicted to drugs