2nd order Unit 1 OU Human Anatomy

Trapezius

Function: Elevates and superiorly rotate scapula; retracts scapula; depress scapula

Innervation: accessory nerve

Attachments:

-M:Occipital bone

-L:clavicle

Latissimus dorsi

Function: Agonist of arm extension; also adducts and medially rotates arm

Innervation: Thoracodorsal nerve

Attachments:

-P: Spinous processes t7-t12; ribs 8-12; iliac crest; thoracolumbar

-D:intertubercular sulcus of humerus

Rhomboid major

Function: elevates and retracts (adducts) scapula; inferiorly rotates scapula

Innervation: Dorsal scapular nerve

Attachments:

-M:Spinous processes of t2-t5

-L: Medial border or scapula from spine to inferior angle

Teres minor

Function: Adducts and laterally rotates arm

Innervation: axillary nerve (c5-c6)

Attachments:

-P:Upper dorsal lateral border of scapula (superior to teres major attachment)

-D:Greater tubercle of humerus

Supraspinatus

Function: Abducts arm

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (c5-c6)

Attachments:

-P: supraspinous fossa of scapula

-D:greater tubercle of humerus

Serratus anterior

Function: Agonist in scapula protraction; superiorly rotates scapula; stabilizes scapula

Innervation: long thoracic nerve (c5-c7)

Attachments:

-S:Medial border of scapula, anterior surface

-I:Ribs 1-8, anterior and superior margins

Subscapularis

Function: Medially rotates arm

Innervation: Upper and lower subscapular nerves (c5-c6)

Attachments:

-P:Subscapular fossa of scapula

-D:lesser tubercle of humerus

Splenius capitis

Function:

-Unilateral: Turns head to same side

-Bilateral: extends head/neck

Innervation: Cervical spinal nerves

Attachments:

-S: Occipital bone and mastoid process of temporal bone

-I: Ligamentum nuchae

Gluteus maximus

Function: Extends thigh; laterally rotates thigh

Innervation: Inferior gluteal nerve (L5-S2)

Attachments:

-P: Iliac crest, sacrum, coccyx

-D:Iliotibial tract of fascia lata; linea aspera and gluteal tuberosity of femur

Gluteus Medius

Function: Abducts thigh; medially rotates thigh

Innervation: Superior gluteal nerve (L4-S1)

Attachments:

-P: Posterior iliac crest; lateral surface between posterior and anterior lines

-D: Greater trochanter of femur

Deltoid

Function:

-Anterior fibers: flex and medially rotate arm

-Middle fibers: Agonist of arm abduction

-Posterior fibers: Extend and laterally rotate arm

Innervation: Axillary nerve (c5-c6)

Infraspinatus

Function: Adducts and laterally rotates arm

Innervation: Suprascapular nerve (c5-c6)

Teres Major

Function: Extends, adducts, and medially rotates arm

Rhomboid minor

Function: Elevates and retracts (adducts) scapula; inferiorly rotates scapula

Serratus posterior superior

Function: elevates ribs during forced inhalation

Serratus posterior inferior

Function: depresses ribs during forced exhalation

Levator scapula

Function: elevates scapula; inferiorly rotates scapula (pulls glenoid cavity inferiorly)

Levator costarum

Function: Elevates ribs

Splenius cervices

Function: help in extending the neck

Iliocostalis group

Function:

-Bilateral action: extends vertebral column; maintains posture

Unilateral action: laterally flexes vertebral column

Longissimus group

Function:

-Bilateral action: extends vertebral column; maintains posture

-Unilateral action: laterally flexes vertebral column

Spinalis group

Function:

-Bilateral action: extends vertebral column; maintains posture

Multifidus

Function:

-Bilateral action: extends vertebral column

-Unilateral action: rotates vertebral column toward the opposite side

Rotatores

Function:

-Bilateral action: extends vertebral column

-Unilateral action: rotates vertebral column toward the opposite side

Semispinalis group

Function:

-Bilateral action: Extends cervical vertebral column and head

-Unilateral action: Laterally flexes vertebral column and head

Interspinalis

Function: Extends vertebral column

Intertransversarii

Function: stabilizes vertebral column

Rectus capitis posterior minor

Function: extends head and neck

Rectus capitis posterior major

Function: extends head and neck

Oblique capitis inferior

Function: turns head to the same side

Oblique capitis superior

Function: turns head to the same side

Gluteus minimus

Function: Abducts thigh; medially rotates thigh

Piriformis

Function: laterally rotates thigh

Superior gemellus

Function: laterally rotates thigh

Inferior gemellus

Function: laterally rotates thigh

Obturator internus

Function: laterally rotates thigh

Qaudratus femoris

Function: laterally rotates thigh