Freshwater Macroorganisms

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37 Terms

1
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mayfly

importance: C1, clean water

ecology: eaten by fish

life: IM, egg → nymph → adult

feeding: omnivore, organic matter

<p>importance: C1, clean water</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish</p><p>life: IM, egg → nymph → adult</p><p>feeding: omnivore, organic matter</p>
2
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caddisfly

importance: C1, clean water

ecology: eaten by fish

life: CM, egg → larvae → pupae → adults

feeding: omnivore

<p>importance: C1, clean water</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish</p><p>life: CM, egg → larvae → pupae → adults</p><p>feeding: omnivore</p>
3
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stonefly

importance: C1, clean water, high O2

ecology: eaten by fis

life: IM, egg → nymph → adult

feeding: carnivorous

<p>importance: C1, clean water, high O2</p><p>ecology: eaten by fis</p><p>life: IM, egg → nymph → adult</p><p>feeding: carnivorous</p>
4
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incomplete vs complete metamorphosis

incomplete: egg → nymph → adult

  • young are mini-adults

  • grow distinct body parts (e.g. wings) with successive molts

complete: egg → larvae → pupae → adult

  • young and adult look nothing alike

5
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dobsonfly

importance: C1, very clean waters

ecology: eaten by fish

life: CM

feeding: carnivorous larvae (adults do not eat)

<p>importance: C1, very clean waters</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish</p><p>life: CM</p><p>feeding: carnivorous larvae (adults do not eat)</p>
6
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gilled snails

importance: C1, clean, O2 rich waters

ecology: eaten by fish and leeches

life: develop from eggs, no CM

feeding: algae

<p>importance: C1, clean, O2 rich waters</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish and leeches</p><p>life: develop from eggs, no CM</p><p>feeding: algae</p>
7
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water penny

importance: C1, fast-moving, O2 rich waters

ecology: eaten by fish and insects

life: CM, larvae look like rocks, live on land as adults

feeding: herbivorous

<p>importance: C1, fast-moving, O2 rich waters</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish and insects</p><p>life: CM, larvae look like rocks, live on land as adults</p><p>feeding: herbivorous</p>
8
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riffle beetle

importance: C1, clean, O2 rich, fast moving waters

ecology: eaten by fish

life: CM, adults are aquatic

feeding: herbivorous

<p>importance: C1, clean, O2 rich, fast moving waters</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish</p><p>life: CM, adults are aquatic</p><p>feeding: herbivorous</p>
9
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water scorpion

importance: C1, slow moving water bodies

ecology: eaten by fish and birds

life: IM, eggs laid in mud

feeding: carnivorous

<p>importance: C1, slow moving water bodies</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish and birds</p><p>life: IM, eggs laid in mud</p><p>feeding: carnivorous</p>
10
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aquatic sowbug

importance: C2, streams recovering from sewage pollution

ecology: eaten by vertebrates/invertebrates

life: IM

feeding: omnivorous, dead matter

<p>importance: C2, streams recovering from sewage pollution</p><p>ecology: eaten by vertebrates/invertebrates</p><p>life: IM</p><p>feeding: omnivorous, dead matter</p>
11
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damselfly

importance: C2, slow-moving waters

ecology: eaten by fish, birds, insects

life: IM

feeding: carnivorous, adults eat mosquitos

*wings are parallel at rest, smaller than dragonflies

<p>importance: C2, slow-moving waters</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish, birds, insects</p><p>life: IM</p><p>feeding: carnivorous, adults eat mosquitos</p><p>*wings are parallel at rest, smaller than dragonflies</p>
12
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dragonfly

importance: C2, slow-moving waters

ecology: eaten by birds, insects, fish

life: IM

feeding: carnivorous, adults eat mosquitos

*wings perpendicular to bodies at rest

<p>importance: C2, slow-moving waters</p><p>ecology: eaten by birds, insects, fish</p><p>life: IM</p><p>feeding: carnivorous, adults eat mosquitos</p><p>*wings perpendicular to bodies at rest</p>
13
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scuds

importance: C2, calcium rich waters, low pollution

ecology: eaten by fish

life: IM

feeding: omnivorous

<p>importance: C2, calcium rich waters, low pollution</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish</p><p>life: IM</p><p>feeding: omnivorous</p>
14
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crane fly

importance: C2, very clean water

ecology: helps clean lakes and ponds, eaten by birds, insects, fish

life: CM, resemble large mosquitos

feeding: omnivorous, some adults do not eat

*aka mosquito hawks, but only larvae eat mosquitos

<p>importance: C2, very clean water</p><p>ecology: helps clean lakes and ponds, eaten by birds, insects, fish</p><p>life: CM, resemble large mosquitos</p><p>feeding: omnivorous, some adults do not eat</p><p>*aka mosquito hawks, but only larvae eat mosquitos</p>
15
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water mite

importance: C3, open, clean water

ecology: usually avoided by fish due to chemicals on their skin

life: CM

feeding: carnivorous, bloodsucking

<p>importance: C3, open, clean water</p><p>ecology: usually avoided by fish due to chemicals on their skin</p><p>life: CM</p><p>feeding: carnivorous, bloodsucking</p>
16
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midge

importance: C3, poor water quality

ecology: eaten by fish, spiders, birds

life: CM, adults resemble mosquitos

feeding: omnivorous

<p>importance: C3, poor water quality</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish, spiders, birds</p><p>life: CM, adults resemble mosquitos</p><p>feeding: omnivorous</p>
17
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blackfly

importance: C3, fast-moving water, lots of nutrients

ecology: eaten by insects, fish, birds, vector of river blindness

life: CM

feeding: omnivorous

<p>importance: C3, fast-moving water, lots of nutrients</p><p>ecology: eaten by insects, fish, birds, vector of river blindness</p><p>life: CM</p><p>feeding: omnivorous</p>
18
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flatworm

importance: C3, poor water quality

ecology: eaten by fish

life: hermaphrodite - have both female and male sex organs

feeding: carnivorous

<p>importance: C3, poor water quality</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish</p><p>life: hermaphrodite - have both female and male sex organs</p><p>feeding: carnivorous</p>
19
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leeches

importance: C3, very poor water quality

ecology: eaten by fish, birds, insects, snails, lack gills

life: hermaphrodite, worm-like appearance, yellow/black

feeding: omnivorous, feed on blood and organic matter

<p>importance: C3, very poor water quality</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish, birds, insects, snails, lack gills</p><p>life: hermaphrodite, worm-like appearance, yellow/black</p><p>feeding: omnivorous, feed on blood and organic matter</p>
20
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air-breathing snail

importance: C4, too many nutrients, poor WQ

ecology: eaten by fish, birds, turtles

life: brown, gray/blue, no CM

feeding: omnivorous

<p>importance: C4, too many nutrients, poor WQ</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish, birds, turtles</p><p>life: brown, gray/blue, no CM</p><p>feeding: omnivorous</p>
21
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deer/horse flies

importance: C4, slow-moving water, tolerant to pollution

ecology: eaten by wasps, hornets, dragonflies, pests to warm-blooded animals

life: CM, adults found near water

feeding: carnivorous, females feed on blood

*deerflies are smaller and skinnier, wasp-like

<p>importance: C4, slow-moving water, tolerant to pollution</p><p>ecology: eaten by wasps, hornets, dragonflies, pests to warm-blooded animals</p><p>life: CM, adults found near water</p><p>feeding: carnivorous, females feed on blood</p><p>*deerflies are smaller and skinnier, wasp-like</p>
22
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tubifex

importance: C4, stagnant water, low O2, very poor WQ

ecology: live on bottoms of ponds/streams, eaten by fish/insects

life: hermaphrodites, produce cocoons

feeding: detritivores, eat decaying matter and mud

<p>importance: C4, stagnant water, low O2, very poor WQ</p><p>ecology: live on bottoms of ponds/streams, eaten by fish/insects</p><p>life: hermaphrodites, produce cocoons</p><p>feeding: detritivores, eat decaying matter and mud</p>
23
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blood midge

importance: C4, low O2, nutrient-rich water, poor WQ

ecology: eaten by bats, birds, insects, few predators

life: CM

feeding: algae, detritus, adults do not feed

<p>importance: C4, low O2, nutrient-rich water, poor WQ</p><p>ecology: eaten by bats, birds, insects, few predators</p><p>life: CM</p><p>feeding: algae, detritus, adults do not feed</p>
24
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whirligig beetle

importance: C5, moderate WQ

ecology: eaten by fish

life: CM, adult spends life in water

feeding: aquatic insects

<p>importance: C5, moderate WQ</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish</p><p>life: CM, adult spends life in water</p><p>feeding: aquatic insects</p>
25
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water strider

importance: C5, moderate WQ

ecology: eaten by birds, fish

life: IM

feeding: insects, spiders

<p>importance: C5, moderate WQ</p><p>ecology: eaten by birds, fish</p><p>life: IM</p><p>feeding: insects, spiders</p>
26
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mosquito

importance: very-poor/acidic, stagnant water

ecology: eaten by fish, dragonflies

life: CM, females suck blood/are vectors

feeding: algae, bacteria, fungi, males eat nectar, females eat blood

<p>importance: very-poor/acidic, stagnant water</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish, dragonflies</p><p>life: CM, females suck blood/are vectors</p><p>feeding: algae, bacteria, fungi, males eat nectar, females eat blood</p>
27
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giant water bug

importance: C5, clear, slow-moving water

ecology: top of the food chain

life: IM

feeding: aquatic invertebrates, insects, salamanders, tadpoles, fish

<p>importance: C5, clear, slow-moving water</p><p>ecology: top of the food chain</p><p>life: IM</p><p>feeding: aquatic invertebrates, insects, salamanders, tadpoles, fish</p>
28
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backswimmer

importance: C5, polluted water

ecology: eaten by fish, amphibians

life: IM

feeding: insects, snails, fish, tadpoles

<p>importance: C5, polluted water</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish, amphibians</p><p>life: IM</p><p>feeding: insects, snails, fish, tadpoles</p>
29
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water boatman

importance: C5, pollutant tolerant

ecology: eaten by fish, insects, primary consumers

life: IM

feeding: herbivorous, plants, algae, detritus

*darker than backswimmers, swim right-side up

<p>importance: C5, pollutant tolerant</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish, insects, primary consumers</p><p>life: IM</p><p>feeding: herbivorous, plants, algae, detritus</p><p>*darker than backswimmers, swim right-side up</p>
30
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predacious diving beetle

importance: C5, larvae need oxygen

ecology: eaten by birds, mammals, fish

life: CM

feeding: fish, tadpoles, worms

<p>importance: C5, larvae need oxygen</p><p>ecology: eaten by birds, mammals, fish</p><p>life: CM</p><p>feeding: fish, tadpoles, worms</p>
31
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purple loosestrife

origin: Eurasia

effect: dense growth crowds out other plants

introduction: use for medicine and decoration

distribution: almost all of continental U.S.

importance: indicate low water levels

ecology: eaten by insects/beetles

reproduction: seeds

<p>origin: Eurasia</p><p>effect: dense growth crowds out other plants</p><p>introduction: use for medicine and decoration</p><p>distribution: almost all of continental U.S.</p><p>importance: indicate low water levels</p><p>ecology: eaten by insects/beetles</p><p>reproduction: seeds</p>
32
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Eurasian water milfoil

origin: Eurasia

effect: crowds out native species

introduction: unclean trailers

distribution: most of continental U.S.

importance: low O2

ecology: eaten by fish, beetles

reproduction: fragmentation

<p>origin: Eurasia</p><p>effect: crowds out native species</p><p>introduction: unclean trailers</p><p>distribution: most of continental U.S.</p><p>importance: low O2</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish, beetles</p><p>reproduction: fragmentation</p>
33
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water hyacinth

origin: South America

effect: blocks sunlight, crowds out

introduction: cotton exposition

distribution: Atlantic & Pacific coast

importance: high pollution

ecology: grows very fast, eaten by mammals & fish

reproduction: stolons (a stem)

<p>origin: South America</p><p>effect: blocks sunlight, crowds out</p><p>introduction: cotton exposition</p><p>distribution: Atlantic &amp; Pacific coast</p><p>importance: high pollution</p><p>ecology: grows very fast, eaten by mammals &amp; fish</p><p>reproduction: stolons (a stem)</p>
34
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zebra mussel

origin: Eurasia

effect: clogged pipes

introduction: attached to ship hulls

distribution: Great Lakes

importance: low O2

ecology: eaten by fish and birds

life: 5 years max

feeding: filter-feeders

<p>origin: Eurasia</p><p>effect: clogged pipes</p><p>introduction: attached to ship hulls</p><p>distribution: Great Lakes</p><p>importance: low O2</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish and birds</p><p>life: 5 years max</p><p>feeding: filter-feeders</p>
35
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spiny water flea

origin: Europe

effect: depletes zooplankton population, lacks predator

introduction: ship hulls

distribution: Great Lakes

importance: cold, low-nutrients

ecology: carnivorous

life: parthenogenetic (embryo from unfertilized egg)

feeding: zooplankton

<p>origin: Europe</p><p>effect: depletes zooplankton population, lacks predator</p><p>introduction: ship hulls</p><p>distribution: Great Lakes</p><p>importance: cold, low-nutrients</p><p>ecology: carnivorous</p><p>life: parthenogenetic (embryo from unfertilized egg)</p><p>feeding: zooplankton</p>
36
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Asian tiger mosquito

origin: Asia

effect: vector of viruses (yellow fever, dengue fever)

introduction: importing Japanese tires

distribution: Southwest, Northeast of U.S.

importance: stagnant water

ecology: eaten by fish, dragonflies

life: CM

feeding: males eat nectar, females eat blood

<p>origin: Asia</p><p>effect: vector of viruses (yellow fever, dengue fever)</p><p>introduction: importing Japanese tires</p><p>distribution: Southwest, Northeast of U.S.</p><p>importance: stagnant water</p><p>ecology: eaten by fish, dragonflies</p><p>life: CM</p><p>feeding: males eat nectar, females eat blood</p>
37
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Asian carp

origin: Asia

effect: increase turbidity

introduction: aquaculture farms

distribution: Great Lakes, Mississippi River

importance: lots of nutrients

ecology: few natural predators, fast reproduction

life: 16+ years

feeding: plankton

<p>origin: Asia</p><p>effect: increase turbidity</p><p>introduction: aquaculture farms</p><p>distribution: Great Lakes, Mississippi River</p><p>importance: lots of nutrients</p><p>ecology: few natural predators, fast reproduction</p><p>life: 16+ years</p><p>feeding: plankton</p>