Chapter 13

Urinary system

Inflammation (acute & temporary) of the kidney tissue between the renal tubes due to allergic reaction or side effect from NSAIDs, penicillin, ampicillin, and diuretics.

Interstitial nephritis

infection/inflammation of the renal parenchyma, calyces, and pelvis. Part of a total UTI, beginning in the urinary bladder. High mortality rate in the elders & immunocompromised

Pyelonephritis (PIE - Eh - loh - Neh - fry - tis

inherited disease of fluid filled cysts growing within the kidneys that press against the tissue affecting kidney function

Polycystic kidney disease (PKD)

sudden inability of the kidneys to filter waste products from the blood. Starts with OLIGURIA (scarce urine) that later presents with ANURIA(no urine) resulting in confusion, seizures, and coma. Dialysis may be needed

Acute renal failure (ARF)

results in gradual loss of renal function (<25%) due to diabetes, hypertension, kidney disease (including chronic glomerulonephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and heart failure.

Chronic renal failure (CRF)
or
chronic kidney disease (CKD)

result of an accumulation of excess nitrogenous waste products in the blood

Uremia

kidney function is <10% and life cannot be maintained. Requires dialysis or kidney transplant

End-Stage Renal Disease (ESRD)

malignant childhood kidney tumor

Wilms tumor AKA nephroblastoma

deconstruct nephrolithiasis

nephr/o = kidney
lith = stone
iasis = condition
presence of kidney stones

A(n) ____ kidney is due to dilated calyces and pelvis

hydronephrotic

unable to control the flow of urine

incontinent

term for infection of the urethra is

urethritis

term for infection of the urinary bladded

cystitis

infection of the ureters to the renal pelvis due to untreated cystitis

pyelitis

made of undissolved material in the pelvis of the kidney such as uric acid or calcium oxalate

calculi (stones)
calculus (single stone)

pertaining to intermittent contractions

spasmodic

side of body between pelvis and ribs

intermittent

dilation of the pelvis and calyces of the kidney

hydronephrosis

involuntary bed wetting

enuresis [en-you-ree-sis]
enur - urinate
-esis - condition

what gives urine a fruity color?

ketosis

difficulty or pain with urination

dysuria
(dis-YOU-ree-ah)

incontinence involving loss of urine due to laughing, coughing, or exercising

stress

type of incontinence due to sudden intense desire to urinate followed by a loss of urine

urge

type of incontinence involving the inability to control urine due to physical or mental impairment

functional

measures how acidic or alkaline the urine is

pH

incontinence due to leakage of urine, occurring during the day and night

total

measures how dilute or concentrate the urine is

specific gravity

indicates the presence of white blood cells

leukocyte esterase

present in the urine in diabetic ketoacidosis

ketones

visual examination of the urinary bladder

cystoscopy

x-ray of the bladder and the urethra

cystourethrogram

instrument used to view the inside of the urinary bladder

cytoscope

x-ray of the renal pelvis

cystoscope

medical term for glucose in the urine

glycosuria

obstruction in the urinary system causing involuntary holding of urine in the bladder by enlarged prostate or other things

acute retention

untreated obstruction of the urinary bladder

chronic retention

what do dipstick urinalysis tests for?

pH - how acidic or alkaline urine is
specific gravity (SG) — measures how dilute or concentrated the urine is
-protein — not normally detected in urine; its presence (proteinuria) indicates infection or urinary tract disease

blood, glucose, ketones, bilirubin, nitrate, and leukocyte esterase

what gives urine a fruity odor?

ketosis