HSC Chapter7/8 Reproductive System

sf college

andr

male

balan

glans penis

epididym

epididymis

orh/orchi/orchid

testis/testicle

prostat

prostate gland

sperm/spermat

sperm/spermazatoon

vas

vessel/duct (vas deferens in terms describing the male reproductive system)

vesicul

seminal vesticle(s)

testis (pl. testes)

primary male sex organ, the testes produce spermatozoa and testosterone (also called testicle)

Seminiferous tubules

coiled tubes within the testes in which spermatogenesis occurs

Sperm

 male germ cell

testosterone

 male germ cell

Epididymis

coiled tube attached to each testis that provides for the storage, transit, and maturation of spermatogenesis

Vas deferens

tube carrying the sperm from the epididymis to the urethra

Seminal vesicles

 glands that secrete a thick fluid that forms part of the semen

prostate

gland that secretes a fluid that aids in the movement of sperm and ejaculation

Semen

composed of sperm, seminal fluids, and other secretions

scrotum

sac containing the testes and their corresponding epididymides, from which each vas deferens begins

penis

 male organ of urination and coitus (sexual intercourse)

glans penis

enlarged tip on the end of the penis

prepuce

fold of skin covering the glans penis in uncircumcised males (foreskin)

genitalia

reproductive organs (male or female); includes internal and external reproductive organs (also called genitals)

gonads

primary reproductive organs; testes in males, ovaries in females

balanoplasty

surgical repair of the glans penis

epididymectomy

excision of epididymis

orchiectomy

excision of the testis (bilateral orchiectomy is called castration (also called orchidectomy)

Orchiopexy

surgical fixation of the testicle (performed to bring undescended testicle[s] into the scrotum) (also called orchidopexy)

orchioplasty

surgical repair of the testis

Orchiotomy

 incision into the testis (also called orchidotomy)

Prostatectomy

excision of the prostate gland

Prostatocystotomy

 incision into the prostate gland and the (urinary) bladder

Prostatolithotomy

incision into the prostate gland to remove stone(s)

Prostatovesiculectomy

 excision of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles

Vasectomy

excision of a duct (partial excision of the vas deferens bilaterally, resulting in male sterilization)

Vasovasostomy

creation of artificial openings between ducts (the severed ends of the vas deferens are reconnected in an attempt to restore fertility in men who have had a vasectomy)

Vesiculectomy

excision of the seminal vesicle(s)

Andropathy

 disease of the male (specific to the male, such as orchitis)

Anorchism

 state of absence of testis (unilateral or bilateral)

Balanitis

inflammation of the glans penis

Balanorrhea

discharge from the glans penis

Benign prostatic hyperplasia

 excessive development pertaining to the prostate gland (non-malignant enlargement of the prostate gland; causes narrowing of the urethra, which interferes with the passage of urine. Symptoms include frequency of urination, nocturia, urinary retention, and incomplete emptying of the bladder.) (also called benign prostatic hypertrophy)

Cryptorchidism

state of hidden testis (during fetal development, testes are located in the abdominal area near the kidneys. Before birth they move down into the scrotal sac. Failure of one or both of the testes to descend from the abdominal cavity into the scrotum before birth results in cryptorchidism.) (also called undescended testicle and undescended testicles)

Epididymitis

 inflammation of the epididymis

Orchiepididymitis

 inflammation of the testis and the epididymis

Orchitis

 inflammation of the testis (also called orchiditis)

Prostatitis

inflammation of the prostate gland

Prostatocystitis

 inflammation of the prostate gland and the (urinary) bladder

Prostatolith

stone(s) in the prostate gland

Prostatorrhea

discharge from the prostate gland

Prostatovesiculitis

inflammation of the prostate gland and the seminal vesicles

External organs

vulva, clitoris, mammary glands

Internal organs

vagina, uterus, fallopian tubes, ovaries

Female reproductive system

supporting conception and pregnancy, it develops and changes based on the influence of hormones produced by the ovaries, Estrogen and progesterone

Ovaries

organs in the pelvic cavity, form and store egg cells (ova), produce estrogen and progesteron

Ovulation

-release of an egg from the ovaries, which travels through the fallopian tubes to the uterus

Ovum (pl. ova)

egg cell

graafian follicles

100,000 microscopic sacs that make up a large portion of the ovaries. Each follicle contains an immature ovum.

Fallopian tubes

a pair of tubes attached to the uterus that provide a passageway for the ovum to move from the ovary to the uterus (also called uterine tube

fimbria (pl. fimbriae)

finger-like projection at the free end of the fallopian tube

uterus

muscular organ in the pelvic cavity - menstruation, pregnancy, and labor

endometrium

inner lining of the uterus

myometrium

muscular middle layer of the uterus

perimetrium

outer protective layer of the uterus that secretes watery serous fluid to reduce friction (also called uterine serosa)

corpus

 large central portion of the uterus (also called the uterine body)

fundus

rounded upper portion of the uterus

cervix

narrow lower portion of the uterus

Vagina

a passageway between the uterus and the outside of the body

Hymen

fold of membrane found near the opening of the vagina

vulva

external genitals of the female, including the mons pubis, labia majora, labia minora, clitoris, urinary meatus, and vaginal opening

perineum

pelvic floor in both the male and female. In females it refers to the area between the vaginal opening and the anus

Bartholin glands

pair of mucus-producing glands located on each side of the vagina, just above the vaginal opening (also called greater vestibular glands)

Breasts

milk-producing glands. Each breast consists of 15 to 20 divisions of lobules (also called mammary glands)

mammary papilla

breast nipple

areola

pigmented area around the breast nipple

Gynec

woman, female reproductive organ

Colp

vagina

vagin

vagina

episi, vulv

vulva

metr, hyster

uterus

mamm, mast

breast

endometri

endometrium

ooophor

ovary

pelv

pelvis/ cavity

perine

perineum

scalping

fallopian tube

trachel, carvic

cervix

men

mentruation

peri-

surrounding (outer)

-algia

pain

-salpinx

fallopian tube (uterine)

-cele

hernia, protrusion

-celisis

surgical closure

-pexy

surgical fixation

-plasty

surgical repair

-rrhaphy

suturing, repairing

-rrhea

flow, discharge

-rrhagia

excessive bleeding

abnormal uterine bleeding (AUB)

irregular bleeding in the absence of pregnancy

Adenomyosis

growth of endometrium into the muscular portion of the uterus

Bartholin cyst

blockage of one of the glands on either side of the vagina; usually causes a tender, swollen lump on the affected side, which may become infected, resulting in a Bartholin abscess