Sociology 2290 - Chapter 2 (Part 4 & 5): Animals "in the Wild" and The Domestication of Animals

Paleolithic Era

Also referred to as the Old Stone Age, the cultural age spanning the Pleistocene epoch and dates from about 2.5 million years ago to about 15,000 years ago.

Zooarchaeology

The study of animal remains at archaeological sites.

Mutual Trust

Anthropologist Tim Ingold points out that the animal-human relationship in hunter-gatherer societies was often one of ________.

The Giving Environment

Anthropologist Tim Ingold introduces the term __________, whereby people share with one another and with the environment.

Aristocratic Tradition

In England during the medieval and Renaissance periods, hunting was an _________, only wealthy land-owners and their friends could participate on private property.

Manifest Destiny

The God-given right and duty to expand westward across the American continent.

Marine Mammals

One of the most controversial uses of subsistence hunting by Native Peoples is the killing of ________.

Domestication

The process of maintaining animals in captivity, selectively breeding them for human purposes, and controlling their food supply, reproduction, and other aspects of life, thus creating a dependency on humans for survival and a marked alteration in appearance and behaviour.

East Asia

Evidence suggests that dogs were first domesticated in _______.

Horses

This animal is considered to be the first true beast of burden, used to pull ploughs in farming communities, travel, warfare, trade, etc.

Neoteny

The retention of juvenile features in the adult animal.

Artificial Selection

The process of humans choosing organisms with certain traits to reproduce resulting in new types of organisms.

Problem-Solving Skill

Researchers believe the domestication of dogs has led to losing the _______ they once had; they now fail basic intelligence tests that wolves and wild dogs pass with ease.

Communicating

Due to domestication, dogs have gotten better at _______ with humans and using them as tools.

Genetic Diversity

Domestication has resulted in a permanent loss of ______ within the species.

Debeaking

Amputating, without anesthesia, the front of a chicken’s beak.

Tail-docking

Dairy cow producers amputate up to two-thirds of the tail, usually without painkillers.

Disappearance

One reason we enjoy watching animals is due to the _______ of animals from our daily lives.

Adrian Franklin

This sociologist presented a reason why we enjoy watching animals, that being because animals are both like us and different from us, they can be interpreted by us in a variety of ways, to represent both differences and otherness, and sameness and family.

Biopower

Coined by French philosopher Michel Foucault, a term that refers to the ways in which the modern state controls and regulates its citizens’ bodies.

Biopower

All the uses of the animal body can be illustrated with Michel Foucault’s notion of ______.