Abnormal behavior personality disorders

module 13

personality

the set of psychological traits and mechanism within an individual.

personality reflects

organized patterns of thoughts, emotions, and behaviors that are enduring (begin at age 3)

personality influences

interaction with adaptations to the intrapsychic, physical and social environments

personality describes, and traits describe

behavior, features of personality

traits reflect

needs, desires and wants when expressed cause behaviors (EX desire for intimacy leads to seeking a relationship)

combination of common traits can be

combined into type, and are not to be confused with character

traits can be complex since they

qualities of the mind (anxiety) social aspect (kindness) relational impact over others (controlling) tendencies and goals (diligence)

five factor of traits

extraversion, agreeable, consciousness, emotional stability, cultural intellect and openness

personality is dynamic active variable in our lives and impact how we

perceive, choose, evoke, manipulate

what constitute abnormality

behavior that is unusual or different from “normal” in all aspects of the self

social and psychology aspects that manifest in

subjective (feelings), cognitions (distortions), disharmony (relationships), and maladjustment (coping styles)

disordered personality is relevant to

motivation, cognitions, emotions, self concept (distorted self perception impact self esteem), social relationships

disordered personality involves patterns

enduring behavior that are distressing, painful and impairment (begin in adolescents and intensifies)

disordered personality create

rigid maladaptive tendencies, maladjustment across many situations

disorder personalities impair 

dysfunctional sense of self, emotional experiences, goals and capacity for intimacy and empathy

disordered personality consequences behaviors and influences

suffering, confinement, behaviors outside of one culture and ethnic norms, influence of biology learned behavior and intrapsych experiences

diagnosis for mental disorders for PD’s

cognition (interpreting self), affectivity, interpersonal function, and impulse control

prevalence of personality disorder

15% has at least one personality disorder

personality disorder commodity

25-50% of commodity

personality disorder differential diagnosis is challenging

due an individual having to meet several criteria for at least two disorders

narcissistic personality disorder is more prev

in men (7.7%) than woman (4.8%)

borderline and dependent personality disorder is more prev in

woman

avoidant personality disorder prev

2.4% and equal in both genders 

avoidant personality disorder define

lack of confidence, fear of disproval rejection, limiting interactions (wants a connection) but creates isolation

dependent personality disorder prev

1% prev in woman

dependent personality disorder define

submissive, incompetence, lack initiative, correlated with abusive dynamics, very clingy and obedient due to seperation and rejection

dependent personality disorder comorbidity

highly with depression, anxiety, helplessness and suicidality

obsessive compulsive personality disorder prev

prev 8% (male, white, married, educated, employed,

obsessive compulsive personality comorbidity

comorbidity with anxiety, depression and substance abuse

obsessive compulsive personality define

expectations of perfectionism, order, details, organization, stubborn,

the anxious cluster c first prevalence cluster

avoidant personality disorder, dependent personality disorder, obsessive compulsive personality disorder

avoidant personality disorder treatment

cognitive behavioral therapy reducing anxiety learning to foster acceptance

avoidant personality disorder cause

psychodynamic early trauma, fear of judgement, rejection, isolation

dependent personality disorder cause

cause psychodynamic approach and objective relations theory (early parental loss, over involved parenting, abandonment fears and seperation anxiety)

dependent personality disorder treatment

cognitive behavioral therapy anti depressants and group therapy aim to foster control and manage mood that contributes to helplessness

obsessive compulsive personality disorder cause

psychodynamic approach parental over control creates agressive impulses

obsessive compulsive personality disorder treatment

cognitive behavioral therapy improve insecurities limitations promote acceptance of flaws, and release perfectionism tendencies

the erratic cluster b second most prev cluster

antisocial personality disorder, borderline personality disorder, histrionic personality disorder, narcissistic personality disorder

antisocial personality disorder prev

3.6%

antisocial personality disorder define

self centered, impulsive, lack of remorse, disregard for others, manipulative, violent tendencies, and cruelty to animals and humans

antisocial personality disorder mood

easily bored, irritated, aggressive, hostile, and assaultive

antisocial personality disorder age worsens 

16 years old demonstrating criminal, sadism and rape with high alcoholism and drug addictions (35% of the prison population)

antisocial personality disorder causes genetic 

biological heritability, impulsivity and aggression (substance abuse makes the changes worse)  

antisocial personality disorder brain parts associated

hypothalamic pituitary adrenaline pathway, poor interconnectivity in the frontal cortex and anterior cingulate cortex, amygdala hippocampus (poor self regulation) deficits in serotonin

antisocial personality disorder cause

psychodynamic approach aims to facilitate connection and alleviate isolation and limitation of thinking to awareness

antisocial personality disorder treatment

cognitive behavioral therapy treatment is hard due to ineffective lack of consciences, and lack of desire to change and resistance to therapy

Antisocial tendencies prevalence of aggression

180 million have been killed by other humans

Antisocial tendencies physiologically

Chemical substances, testosterone level and low blood sugar contributing to aggression threshold for hostility

Antisocial tendencies stimuli

Aversion stimuli create negative arousal which increases aggressive sensitivity

Frustration does not always lead to

Aggression, socially learners behavior, and inability to self regulate focused coping contributes to anger management

indirect emotional bullying and prev

Ostracism, relational verbal aggression, more common in female

Bullying direct physical aggression is more common in

Males

Borderline personality disorder prev

5.9%

Borderline personality disorder Define

Intense fear of abandonment, unstable relationships cause dramatic shift in self image, black and white thinking

Borderline personality disorder mood

Impulsive and emotionally volatile moods, depressive/anxious/irritable can cause episodes of detachment

Borderline personality disorder is highly susceptible to

Self harm (cutting) high risk behaviors and promiscuity

Borderline personality disorder comorbidity

85% with other mental health/eating disorders/suicidality

Borderline personality disorder biological

Impulsivity, aggression, low serotonin, hyperactive amygdala, under active hippocampus, and prefrontal cortex

Borderline personality disorder psychodynamic approach and developmental psychopathy

Trauma, neglect, dismissive dynamics, separation anxiety, and poor metallization

Borderline personality disorder integrative biosocial

Difficulty identifying your emotions, poor social skills, invalidating emotion during childhood

Borderline personality disorder sociocultural

Unstable experiences, do not promotes strong identities,

Borderline personality disorder Dialectical behavior therapy

Coping with mindfulness, humanistic therapy focused on empathy, emotional regulation, focused on managing stress and reducing self harm(antidepressants, anti anxiety, anti bipolar)

Histrionic personality disorders prev

1.8%

Histrionic personality disorders define

Center of attention, flirtatious, shallow, theoretical displays of emotions

Histrionic personality disorders psychodynamic approach

Controlling, unloving parenting, and abandonment

Histrionic personality disorders cognitive behavioral approach and treatment

Therapy aims to disable seductive manipulation tendencies, focus on relationship skills development and self reliance

Narcissistic personality disorder prevalence

6.2% they are very charming volition behavior apathetic love bomb to gain supply

Causes psychodynamic approach narcissists personality

Cold rejecting parents perfect self view self reliance distrust of the world

narcissistic socioculture

Neglect abuse shame and rejection

Cognitive behavioral approach narcissistic personality

Distortions egoistical focus parent conditioning delusion of overvalued self worth

Narcissistic personality treatment

Is challenging lack insight into behavior, gaslighting, and manipulative tendencies

Personality disorder trait specified negative affectivity

Neuroticism and frequent unstable emotions separation insecurity, submissive dependency strong emotional over reactivity

PDTS Personality disorder trait specified detachment

Withdrawal from social interactions can’t feel pleasure intimacy avoidance

Personality disorder trait specified The five are

Negative affectivity, detachment, antagonism, disinhibition and psychoticism

Personality disorder trait specifiedPDTS antagonism

Manipulativeness deceitfulness grandiosity attention seeking hostile

Personality disorder trait specified PDTS disinhibition

Irresponsibility impulsivity risk taking disorganization

Personality disorder trait specified PTDS psychoticism

Cognitive and perceptive deregulation, odd sensory experiences

What are the four realms

biological, neurobiological, cognitive, and conscious

Who is more likely to display the dark triad

Men (narcissism, Machiavellians, and psychopathy)

the dark triad and its success

Leadership, manipulation

The eccentric cluster A prevalence and disorders

Least prevalent paranoid personality, schizoid personality, schizotypal personality, and schizophrenia

Paranoid personality prev and definition

3.2% and extreme suspicion, distrust, hostile argumentativeness

Schizoid personality prev and definition

1.3% and extreme introversion emotional emptiness, detached from personal relationships, asexual, apathetic

Schizotypal personality prev and definition

.6% discomfort and anxiousness with social interactions, extreme isolation loneliness odd thinking process

Schizophrenia traits

Heritable to schizotypal introversion, neuroticism, extreme openness, and low agreeableness

Paranoid personality psychodynamic approach

Demanding parenting, mistreatment, unconditional positive regard leads to absence of trust and hyper vigilance

Paranoid personality cognitive behavioral

Maladaptive assumptions and warrant anxiety reduction and interpersonal problem solving techniques

Schizoid personality psychodynamic approach

Unsatisfied need for human contact, rejection, emotional or physical abuse, can’t give or receive love

Schizoid personality cognitive behavioral

Maladaptive perception, skill development can recognize and internalize of emotion with role play

Schizotypal personality psychodynamic approach

Facilitate connection alleviate isolation and loneliness by bringing thinking of limitation to awareness

Schizoid personality cognitive behavioral

Focus on cognitive distortions, social skill training and with antipsychotic meds

Humanistic view positive development positive regard

In born to be loved accepted by others

humanistic view positive development Conditions of worth

Standard parents significant others positive regard

humanistic view positive development Conditional positive regard

Love and respect given if certain standards are meet

humanistic view positive development Consequences

W pleasing others losing desire and self identity “other lens” creates anxiety

humanistic view positive development Present as

Lack confidence distorted concept loss of self direction

humanistic view positive development distortions defense mechanism

Reduction threat via modified interpretation

humanistic view positive development importance of unconditional positive regard

Love and acceptance correlated to gain the ability of approval

humanistic view positive development Highly correlated to emotional intelligence

Empathy is learned

humanistic view positive development Characterized

Self regulation