1-Skeletal-System-Marieb (copy)

Skeletal System

The organ system that provides structure, support, and protection to the body, consisting of bones, joints, cartilages, and ligaments.

Gouty Arthritis

Inflammation of joints is caused by a deposition of urate crystals from the blood

Rheumatoid arthritis

An autoimmune disease – the immune system attacks the joints

Osteoarthritis

Most common chronic arthritis

Arthritis

inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints

Tendonitis

inflammation of tendon sheaths

Bursitis

inflammation of a bursa usually caused by a blow or friction

Tendon sheath

Elongated bursa that wraps around a tendon

Syndesmoses

Allows more movement than sutures

Synovial joints

Freely moveable joint

Cartilaginous joints

Immovable or slightly moveable joint

Fibrous joints

Generally immovable joint

Bony Thorax

Forms a cage to protect major organs

Hyoid Bone

only bone that does not articulate with another bone ; Serves as a moveable base for the tongue

open fracture

aka compound ; broken bone penetrates through the skin

Closed fracture

aka simple ; break that does not penetrate the skin

Medullary cavity

Cavity of the shaft ; yellow marrow = adults ; red marrow = infants

Articular cartilage

Covers the external surface of the epiphyses

Arteries

Supply bone cells with nutrients

Sharpey’s fibers

Secure periosteum to underlying bone

Axial Skeleton

The part of the skeletal system that forms the longitudinal axis of the body, including the skull, vertebral column, and bony thorax.

Appendicular Skeleton

The part of the skeletal system that includes the limbs and girdles (pectoral and pelvic).

Compact Bone

A dense type of bone tissue that forms the outer layer of bones and provides strength.

Spongy Bone

A lighter, less dense type of bone tissue found inside bones, characterized by a network of trabeculae and open spaces.

Long Bones

Bones that are longer than they are wide, typically containing a shaft and heads at both ends; examples include the femur and humerus.

Short Bones

Generally cube-shaped bones that contain mostly spongy bone; examples include carpals and tarsals.

Flat Bones

Thin and flattened bones, usually curved, with layers of compact bone surrounding spongy bone; examples include the skull, ribs, and sternum.

Irregular Bones

Bones with irregular shapes that do not fit into other categories; examples include vertebrae and hip bones.

Diaphysis

The shaft of a long bone, composed primarily of compact bone.

Epiphysis

The ends of a long bone, composed mostly of spongy bone.

Periosteum

A fibrous connective tissue membrane that covers the outer surface of bones.

Osteon (Haversian System)

The structural unit of compact bone, consisting of a central canal surrounded by concentric rings of bone matrix.

Lacunae

Small cavities in bone tissue that contain osteocytes (bone cells).

Canaliculi

Tiny canals that connect lacunae to the central canal, forming a transport system for nutrients and waste.

Hematoma

A blood-filled swelling that forms at the site of a bone fracture.

Synarthroses

Immovable joints that do not allow any movement.

Amphiarthroses

Slightly movable joints that allow limited movement.

Diarthroses

Freely movable joints that allow a wide range of motion.

Synovial Joints

Joints in which articulating bones are separated by a joint cavity filled with synovial fluid.

Bursae

Flattened fibrous sacs lined with synovial membranes and filled with synovial fluid, providing cushioning in joints.

Arthritis

Inflammatory or degenerative diseases of joints, with over 100 different types, including osteoarthritis and rheumatoid arthritis.

Fontanelles

Fibrous membranes connecting cranial bones in infants, allowing for brain growth and flexibility during birth.

Paranasal Sinuses

Hollow portions of bones surrounding the nasal cavity that lighten the skull and enhance voice resonance.