CCMA Program Prac Exams 1-2 Missed Concepts

correct sequence for vital signs

TPR-BP

venipuncture needle size adult

21 gauge

lipid panel

LDL, HDL, cholestrol, triglycerides

fast 8-12 hours

CBC

complete blood count

no fasting

BMP

Basic metabolic panel

electrolytes (potassium, sodium, carbon dioxide, and chloride) and creatinine and glucose

may require fasting but not full 12 hr fast

TSH

thyroid stimulating hormone

not affected by food intake

dyspnea

difficulty breathing

glucose normal

70-99 mg/dL

prediabetes

100-125 mg/dL

diabetes

>126 mg/dL

hemoglobin

13-18 men

12-16 women

cholestrol

200-239 borderline

so <200 normal

240+ high

WBC

4,500-10,000 cells/mcL

RBC

4.5-5.9 mil

platelet count

150,000-400,000

protein lvls

6-8.3

Hct

hematocrit

men 42-52%

women 36-48%

LDL

<100 mg/dL

HDL

Men: >40

Women: >50

CMP

comprehensive metabolic panel

albumin, globulin, creatine, sodium, potassium, chloride, calcium

albumin

3.4-5.4

globulin

2-3.5

sodium

135-145

potassium

3.5-5

chloride

98-106

calcium

8.5-10.2

creatine

0.7-1.3 mg/dL

CPR

2 inches no more than 2.4 in deep

100-120 compressions/min

pre-hypertension

120-129/<80

hypertension stage 1

130-139/80-89

hypertension stage 2

140+/90+

RR

adults: 12-20

children: 20-30

newborns: 30-60

dysphagia

difficulty swallowing

dysphasia/aphasia

difficulty speaking

tinnitus

ringing in ears

vertigo

dizziness/spinning

presbycusis

age related hearing loss

elevated liver enzymes which med should b flagged

acetaminophen

metabolized by liver & can cause hepatotoxicity

oral temp

adult: 97-99

child: 95-99.5

fever: 100+

rectal temp

97.9-100.4

fever: 100.4+

axillary temp

94.5-99.1

fever: 99+

tympanic temp

96.4-100.4

fever: 100.4+

temporal temp

96-99.6

fever: 100.4+

warfarin (coumadin)

monitor PT/INR

it's an anti-coagulant

sputum specimen collection

cough deeply & expectorate into container

RACE

rescue, alarm, confine, evacuate

sigmoidoscopy

left lateral sims position

ear drops adult pt

ear pulled up & back

if blood stops flowing during venipuncture

slightly adjust needle position or rotate the tube

epitaxis

nose bleed

pharyngitis

sore throat

conjuctivitis

inflammation of the conjunctiva (pink eye)

common TB testing site

intradermally forearm

hypotension

below 90/60

AC

before meals

PC

after meals

ATC

around the clock

lumbar puncture position

lateral decubitis w knees drawn to chest

mydriasis

dilated pupils

warfarin + aspirin

bleeding risk

orthopnea

difficulty breathing when lying down

hematemesis

coughing up blood

NGT

nasogastric tube

oliguria

Decreased urine output

nocturia

excessive urination at night

acrophobia

fear of heights

diplopia

double vision

hypoxia

90-95% mild hypoxia

so 95+ good

<90 severe

hypoglycemia

<70

intervention <60

syncope

fainting

cephalgia

headache

mild anemia

Hgb: men 11-12.9, women 11-11.9

Hct: men 37-40%, women 33-35%

moderate anemia

Hgb: 8-10.9

Hct: 24-32%

severe anemia

Hgb: <8

Hct: <24%

Polycythemia

Hgb: men >16.5 women >16

Hct: men >49% women >48%

apendicitis

periumbilical pain that migrates to right lower quadrant as inflammation progresses

gastroenteritis

inflammation of the stomach and small intestine

diffuse abdominal pain

kidney stones

flank pain

gallbladder disease

right upper quadrant pain

"otomy" vs "ostomy"

"otomy" = cutting out

"ostomy" = making a hole

ataxia

lack of muscle coordination

absence of reflexes

areflexia

excessive muscle tone

hypertonia or spasticity

muscle weakness

paresis or paralysis

paralysis

-plegia

ACE inhibitor + potassium supplement

monitor for hyperkalemia

pyrexia

fever

liver dysfunction or biliary obstruction

jaundice + dark urine + clay-colored stools

glucose tolerance test, blood drawn @

fasting, 1 hr, 2 hrs

paresthesia

abnormal sensation of numbness and tingling without objective cause

joint pain

arthralgia

melena

Black tarry stool

upper gastrointestinal bleeding

lower GI bleeding

bright red blood in stool

st. johns worth + prescription antidepressants

serotonin syndrome or reduce prescription effectiveness

edema

fluid retention or swelling

Ischemia

decreased blood flow

pleuritic chest pain

Sharp, stabbing pain in the chest that is worsened by a deep breath or other chest wall movement; often caused by inflammation or irritation of the pleura.

-can result from pneumonia, pulmonary embolism, pleuritis

when performing venipuncture

tourniquet should be removed as soon as blood flow is established to prevent pt discomfort, hemoconcentration, potential complications

-should be applied 3-4 inches above venipuncture site w moderate pressure to occlude venous return while maintaining arterial flow

prolonged tourniquet application

more than 1-2 mins

can alter blood composition & affect test results

hemianopia

loss of vision in half of visual field