Block 4 quiz west coast emt

traction splint

a splint that applies constant pull along the length of a lower extremity to help stabilize the fractured bone and to reduce muscle spasm in the limb. Traction splints are used primarily on femoral shaft fractures.

S/S of dislocation

- shortening of leg, abnormal rotation, cant move extremity and pain

Hip fracture

leg shortened, externally rotated, swelling

femoral shaft

Long straight section of femur bone that runs from below the hip to the knee

Calcaneus Fracture

Usually accompanied with a lower back injury( possible lumbar spinal fracture)

AC joint

acromioclavicular joint (a joint in the shoulder)

6 Ps of muscoskeletal injuries

Pain, poikilothermia, paresthesia, paralysis, pulselessness, pallor

Where is the heart located and what is its purpose

Center of chest, function is to keep blood flowing through body (hollow)

Where is the brain located and what is its function

Head, body's control center (hollow)

Where is the kidney located and what is its function

Back of the abdomen on either side of the body, function is to filter blood and form urine ( solid)

Where is the liver located and what is its function

Right side of abdomen, converts nutrients filters blood (solid)

Where is pancreas located and function

Inside abdomen behind stomach , makes enzymes that break down sugars starches and fat (solid)

Where is spleen and what is its function

Upper left side of abdomen behind ribs above stomach, filter blood, produce white blood cells, store blood cells, control blood cell levels.(solid)

What should you do if the C collar doesn't fit the patient?

First try pediatric collar- highest setting on pediatric collar is a small in adult collar- if that doesn't work use rolled up towels.

What is a contusion? What are the s/s

Bruise, pain, swelling, discoloration, weakness

intercranial hemorrhage

is a type of bleeding that occurs inside the skull (cranium).

blowout fracture

A fracture of the orbit or of the bones that support the floor of the orbit. S/s include eyes that don't move in unison, flashing lights, floaters, blindness

epistaxis

nosebleed

Laryngeal injuries symptoms

Strider, hoarse voice, subcutaneous emphysema, cyanosis, pale skin

What is embedded eye injury and how do you treat it?

Small object in eye, cover affected eye and unaffected eye

What is a contamination eye injury and how do you treat it

Liquid dust or chemical in eye, irrigate with water up to 20 min

What is impalement eye injury and how to treat it

Sharp object puncturing eye, stabilize, cover both eyes

Retinal detachment vs blowout fracture?

Retinal: when nerve bundle connecting eyeball to brain is damaged

Blowout: fracture of orbital wall that doesn't affect orbital rims

Cushing's triad

three classic signs—bradycardia, hypertension, and bradypnea— show increased intracranial pressure

Treatment for burns?

More than 10% body affected: dry sterile dressing to cover

Less than 10%: moist dressing because of hypothermia

What is the most effective way to stop external bleeding ?

direct pressure

What should you do when have patient with helmet on?

Always leave helmet on unless affecting airway, or altered LOC and always bring helmet to hospital

Cullen's sign

bruising in the skin around the umbilicus

Grey Turner's sign

Rare internal bleeding sign that shows bruising in flank area (lower back area)

Purpose of an airbag

To decrease severity of injuries

Proper position for seatbelt

Below anterior superior iliac sines of the pelvis and against hip joint

neurovascular bundle

group of nerves, veins, and arteries that are bound together by connective tissue and travel together through the body

coup-countercoup

This type of head injury occurs when a body in motion stops suddenly, causing contusions of brain tissue as the brain moves back and fourth within the skull

Motorcycle 3 impacts blunt trauma

1st impact- bike against Wall / second impact- victim against bike/ 3rd impact- organs against victim

Beck's triad

hypotension, JVD, muffled heart sounds

cardiac tamponade

Blood accumulating in pericardium

Soft tissue injury

During normal wound healing process bleeding may occur from even a minor injury because new capillaries that stem from intact capillaries are delicate and take time to become as stable as the preexisting capillaries

traumatic asphyxia rx

Aggressively manage airway/ provide ventilate support with 02 and monitor vital signs during immediate transport

what is the mesentary and what does it do?

supportive membrane surrounding internal organs and attaching to the body wall

What fractures are unique to pediatrics?

Green stick(incomplete fracture due to bones not being fully developed) and ephyseal(fracture to growth plate)

Rigid splints

Plastic or metal used to support sprain or strain

Formable splints

Can be molded to fit size and shape of limb

air splint

Fractures, help stiffness further shortening, edema and tone,

vacuum splints

Provides stability and immobilization no metal

Pelvic binders/ hip splints

Stabilize pelvis and control bleeding

Femur Fracture

Has ability to lose up to 500ml (1L) of blood

What can improper splinting cause?

Compartment syndrome, neurovascular compromise, further injury, delayed transport time

What is the most commonly fractured bone in the human body?

Clavicle

What does PMSC stand for

Pulse, motor, sensory, cap refills

Blunt trauma 3 impacts

1- vehicle against other object

2- victim against vehicle

3- victims organs against victim