Chapter 3 Matter and Change (McGraw Hill Chemistry)

states of matter

includes liquids, solids, and gases. All existing matter is one of these. Can be classified by how it fills a glass.

solid

has its own definite shape and volume. tightly packed particles. might not conform to a glass's shape.

liquid

state of matter that flows, takes the shape of its container. particles aren't rigid or tightly packed.

gas

flows to fit the gas, and fills up the glass.

vapor

gaseous state of a substance that is solid or liquid at room temperature.

physical property

characteristic of matter that can be observed without changing the sample's composition

extensive property

dependent of the amount of substance present

intensive property

independent of the amount of the substance present

chemical property

ability/inability of a substance to to change into other substance(s)

physical change

a change that alters a substance but not its composition

phase change

transition of matter from one state to another

chemical change

one or more substances changes into another substance

law of conservation of mass

mass is not created or destroyed during a chemical reaction

mixture

a combination of two or more pure substances, both retain its individual chemical properties

heterogenous mixture

mixture that doesn't blend smoothly, substances stay distinct

homogenous mixture

constant composition through out, always a single phase.

solution

another word for homogenous mixture

filtration

technique for separating a solid from a liquid.

distillation

uses boiling to separate substances that have different boiling points

crystallization

separation technique, results in formation of pure solid particles of a substance from a solution containing the dissolved substance

sublimation

solid changes to a vapor without going through liquid phase

chromatography

technique that separates components of mixture dissolved in gas or liquid based on the ability of each component to travel across the surface of a fixed substrate

element

pure substance that can't be separated

periodic table

organizes elements into a periods and families

compound

made up of one or two different elements that are combined chemically

law of definite proportions

states that a compound is always composed of same elementsin same proportion by mass

percent by mass

ratio of mass each element to the total mass of compound expressed as a percentage

law of multiple proportions

says that when different compounds are formed by combination of same elements, different masses of one element combine with the same fixed mass of the other element in a ratio of small whole numbers