Chemistry in Biomedical Science

Flashcards covering key vocabulary and concepts related to Chemical Bonds, Carbohydrates, Lipids, and Proteins in Biomedical Science.

Ionic Bonds

Chemical bonds created by the electrical attraction between cations (+ve) and anions (-ve).

Covalent Bonds

Chemical bonds formed when atoms share electrons to complete their outer shells.

Hydrogen Bonds

Weak bonds that occur when a hydrogen atom is attracted to an electronegative atom.

Polar Covalent Bonds

Bonds in which electrons are shared unequally, leading to slight positive or negative charges.

Exergonic Reactions

Reactions that release more energy than they absorb.

Endergonic Reactions

Reactions that absorb more energy than they release.

Dehydration Synthesis

A reaction that occurs when two molecules join together, releasing a water molecule.

Hydrolysis

A reaction that involves the breaking down of a compound due to the reaction with water.

Monosaccharides

Simple sugars containing 3-7 carbon atoms, e.g., glucose.

Disaccharides

Consist of two monosaccharides linked together, e.g., sucrose, maltose.

Polysaccharides

Carbohydrates formed by linking multiple monosaccharides.

Triglycerides

A type of glyceride, consisting of three fatty acids linked to glycerol, important for energy storage.

Phospholipids

Molecules that help form cell membranes, consisting of a glycerol backbone, two fatty acids, and a phosphate group.

Steroids

Lipids characterized by a complex four-ring structure that plays roles in cell membrane structure and hormone regulation.

Amino Acids

Building blocks of proteins, containing a central carbon atom, an amino group, a carboxyl group, and a side chain (R-group).

Peptide Bonds

Covalent bonds between the carboxyl group of one amino acid and the amino group of another.

DNA

A double-stranded molecule that encodes genetic information, composed of deoxyribose sugar, phosphate groups, and nitrogenous bases.

RNA

Single-stranded nucleic acid important for protein synthesis, containing ribonucleic acid.

ATP

Adenosine triphosphate, the universal energy carrier in biological systems.