MUST KNOWS

Primary care physician

The role a physician practicing obstetrics and gynecology should assume for their female patient

. Comfort, Acceptance, Responsiveness, Empathy

The four caring communication skills represented by the CARE acronym

. Menarche, Interval, Duration, Amount, Symptoms

The five components of the MIDAS acronym used for menstrual history

. 21 to 35 days

The normal range for the interval of a menstrual cycle

. 4 to 7 days

The normal duration of menstrual flow

. Bright red, bright cramping before or during first day

The characteristic symptoms and color of an ovulatory cycle

. Irregular, dark colored, painless, very short or very long

The characteristic symptoms and appearance of an anovulatory cycle

. Gravida

The total number of pregnancies in an obstetrical score

. Parity

The number of pregnancies that reached viable gestational age beyond 20 weeks

. Term

The number of infants delivered at or after 37 weeks

. Preterm

The number of infants delivered between 20 and 36 weeks

. Abortion

The number of miscarriages or pregnancies lost before 20 weeks

. Living

The number of children currently living today

. Transrectal ultrasound

The preferred pelvic imaging procedure for a patient who has had no history of sexual contact

. Dyspareunia

The medical term for pain during sexual intercourse

. Every 3 years

The recommended frequency for cytologic testing in women aged 21 to 29

. Every 5 years

The recommended frequency for HPV/Pap cotesting in women aged 30 to 65

. 66 years old

The age after which cervical cancer screening is generally discontinued if prior results were negative

. Every 2 years

The frequency for clinical breast examination in women aged 50 and older

. 50 to 69 years old

The target population for mammography screening every 1 to 2 years

. Every 6 to 12 months

The recommended screening frequency for Syphilis in high risk asymptomatic healthy individuals

. 500 percent

The approximate percentage increase of HIV cases in the Philippines largely due to men having sex with men

. Gardasil 9

The nonavalent HPV vaccine covering the most prevalent strain in the Philippines, HPV 52

. Visual Inspection with Acetic Acid

The cervical cancer screening method that can be performed by midwives and uses vinegar

. Asherman syndrome

The condition characterized by adhesions within the uterus that can lead to infertility after a D and C procedure

. Total Abdominal Hysterectomy

The meaning of the surgical acronym TAH

. Bilateral Salpingo Oophorectomy

The meaning of the surgical acronym BSO

. PQRST

The acronym used to evaluate pelvic pain: Place, Quality, Radiation, Severity, Timing

. Endometriosis or ovulatory pain

The two main considerations for regular, chronic, cyclical lower abdominal pain

. Anemia

The condition teenage girls with heavy prolonged menstruation are at high risk for developing

. Cleft lip and cleft palate

The common anomalies addressed through family history and a congenital anomaly scan

. Chloroquine

The antimalarial prophylaxis considered safe for pregnant mothers

. Patient Health Questionnaire

The tool often used to screen for depression in women using PHQ 2 or PHQ 9 versions

. 40 years old

The age for a baseline comprehensive eye evaluation for women with no signs of risk factors

. Axillary Tail of Spence

The specific area of the breast that must be palpated thoroughly during an examination

. Every 1 to 3 years

The ACOG recommendation for breast examination frequency in women aged 25 to 39

. Yearly

The ACOG recommendation for breast examination frequency in women aged 40 and above

. Inverted triangle over the mons pubis

The normal female hair pattern or eschutcheon

. Diamond pattern

The male hair pattern that may indicate hyperandrogenism or PCOS in women

. 7 and above

The Ferriman Gallwey score that constitutes hirsutism in Filipino women

. Dorsal lithotomy position

The standard position for a pelvic examination

. 1 to 1.5 cm

The normal length of the clitoris

. Hymen tags

The structures that do not need to be cauterized but are often mistaken for warts

. Posterior colporrhaphy

The surgical treatment for candidates with vaginal outlet relaxation or a wide open fourchet

. Bartholin glands

The structures palpated at the 4 o clock and 8 o clock positions of the posterior labia majora

. Cystocele

A bulge in the anterior vaginal wall when the patient bears down

. Rectocele

A bulge in the posterior vaginal wall arising from improper repair after delivery

. Enterocele

A bulge through the cul de sac caused by the small intestine pushing down

. Procidentia uteri

The term for the uterus coming completely out of the vaginal opening

. Graves speculum

The wider speculum most commonly used for multigravid patients

. Pederson speculum

The narrower speculum preferred for nulligravid, virginal, or postmenopausal patients

. Fishmouth

The appearance of a parous cervical os after a vaginal delivery

. Round

The appearance of a nulliparous cervical os or one following a C section

. 6 cm by 4 cm

The approximate size and dimensions of a normal 60 gram uterus

. 3 cm by 2 cm

The approximate size of a normal ovary, often compared to a walnut

. Anteverted

The uterine position where the uterus is tipped forward towards the symphysis pubis

. 12 weeks size

The uterine size reached when it is midway between the symphysis and the umbilicus

. 20 weeks size

The uterine size reached when it is felt at the level of the umbilicus

. TSH

The routine lab recommended every 5 years beginning at age 50 for women

. Bone density screening

The test recommended every 2 years for women 65 and older

. 1000 mg Calcium and 200 IU Vitamin D

The daily recommendation for women aged 19 to 50

. 1200 mg Calcium and 400 IU Vitamin D

The daily recommendation for women aged 51 and older

. Within 3 years of onset of sexual activity

The time to start Pap smears if the patient is sexually active before age 21

. CIN 2 and CIN 3

The two conditions for which Loop Electrosurgical Excision Procedure is the most common treatment

. Hysterosalpingography

The radiographic imaging using dye to visualize the uterine cavity and fallopian tubes

. 99 percent

The sensitivity of endometrial biopsy in diagnosing endometrial cancer

. 28 to 32 percent

The estimated global burden of disease attributed to surgical conditions

. Elective

A surgical case that can be scheduled in advance and allows time for medical optimization

. Urgent

A surgical case that must be performed within a few hours to allow for limited optimization

. Emergent

A surgical case that requires surgery as soon as possible without delay for optimization

. OPQRST or OLDCARTS

The two common acronyms used for characterization of surgical symptoms like pain

. Ischemic heart disease, Heart failure, Cerebrovascular disease, Insulin DM, Renal insufficiency, High risk surgery

The six predictors included in the Revised Cardiac Risk Index

. 2.0 mg per dL

The baseline creatinine cutoff for defining chronic renal insufficiency in cardiac risk assessment

. High risk

A surgical risk category with a cardiac risk greater than 5 percent, including major vascular surgery

. Low risk

A surgical risk category with a cardiac risk less than 1 percent, including breast and cataract surgery

. ASA Class I

Anesthesiology classification for a completely healthy patient

. ASA Class III

Anesthesiology classification for a patient with severe systemic disease that is not incapacitating

. ASA Class V

Anesthesiology classification for a moribund patient not expected to live 24 hours without surgery

. 1 MET

The metabolic equivalence of basic activities of daily living like eating, dressing, or using the toilet

. 4 METs

The functional capacity level reached by climbing a flight of stairs or walking up a hill

. 4 to 8 weeks

The recommended duration for smoking cessation prior to elective surgery to reduce pulmonary risks

. Intrathoracic and upper abdominal

The two types of surgical incisions that decrease pulmonary function by 50 percent

. ARISCAT

The risk index used to predict postoperative pulmonary complications based on age, O2 sat, and surgery type

. Metabolic acidosis

The primary acid base disturbance often seen in patients with advanced renal failure

. 3 mg per dL

The serum bilirubin level at which jaundice and scleral icterus may become evident

. AST to ALT ratio greater than 2 to 1

The transaminase pattern highly specific for alcoholic hepatitis

. 10 percent

The mortality rate for Child Class A cirrhosis during abdominal operations

. 76 percent

The mortality rate for Child Class C cirrhosis during abdominal operations

. MELD score greater than 15

The scoring cutoff at which elective surgery is usually contraindicated in liver disease

. 140 to 180 mg per dL

The target glucose level to be maintained preoperatively for diabetic patients

. Thyroid storm

The life threatening postoperative complication of inadequately treated hyperthyroidism

. ACTH stimulation test

The test used to determine if the HPA axis is intact in patients taking exogenous corticosteroids

. Greater than 18 to 20 micrograms per dL

The normal cortisol level 30 to 60 minutes after cosyntropin administration

. 10 grams per dL

The hemoglobin level cutoff below which transfusion is generally indicated for stable surgical patients

. Men 14 to 16 and Women 12 to 14 grams per dL

The normal hemoglobin ranges for males and females

. Autologous transfusion

The process where patients donate their own blood for themselves before an elective procedure

. 3 seconds

The amount within which Prothrombin Time should be of the control for surgery

. 50,000

The minimum platelet count generally required for major surgical procedures

. Bleeding time

The old test for qualitative platelet abnormalities that is no longer routinely practiced

. Extrinsic pathway

The coagulation pathway assessed by measuring Prothrombin Time or INR