Key Concepts in Developmental Psychology

teratogen

A toxin that can disrupt fetal development.

Piaget's concrete operational stage

7-11 years.

Authoritative parenting style

Highly responsive and sets firm limits.

Identity vs. Role Confusion

Psychosocial conflict that occurs in adolescence according to Erikson.

Harry Harlow

Studied attachment using rhesus monkeys.

object permanence

Understanding an object exists even when not visible.

preconventional level in Kohlberg's theory

Motivated by obeying rules to avoid punishment or gain rewards.

crystallized intelligence with age

It increases.

final stage in Kubler-Ross's model of grief

Acceptance.

insecure avoidant attachment style

Involves avoiding contact with caregivers.

Frontal lobe

The last lobe of the brain to fully develop.

zygote

A fertilized egg.

Trust vs. Mistrust

Key feature is developing secure relationships.

visual cliff experiment

Demonstrated depth perception.

fluid intelligence

Which tends to decline with age.

secondary sex characteristic

Breasts.

Preoperational stage

Includes symbolic language development.

habituation in infants

Decreased response after repeated exposure.

motor skill that develops last in infants

Finger manipulation.

authoritarian parenting

Characterized by high expectations and low responsiveness.

moral level in Kohlberg's theory

Determined by the reasoning behind a decision.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome

Associated with CNS and learning issues.

metacognition

Monitoring and evaluating one's own thinking.

lifestyle decisions in adolescence

Most influenced by peers.

secure attachment

Comfort is sought from the caregiver.

Industry vs. Inferiority

Stage about developing competence in school tasks.

conservation in Piaget's theory

Understanding that quantity remains the same despite changes in shape.

generativity in Erikson's theory

Contributing to society and helping the next generation.

formal operational stage

Begins around age 12.

main developmental task in adolescence according to Erikson

Resolving identity vs. role confusion.

bargaining stage of grief

Involves negotiating for more time.

Erik Erikson

Proposed the psychosocial stages of development.

permissive parenting

Characterized by few boundaries and high freedom.

developmental stage associated with stranger anxiety

Sensorimotor stage.

Autonomy vs. Shame and Doubt

Corresponds to age range 1-3 years.

dementia

Mainly characterized by impaired cognitive function.

reversibility in Piaget's theory

Understanding that actions can be undone.

percent of elderly requiring assisted living

Less than 5%.

Mary Ainsworth's Strange Situation test

Tested attachment styles.

dominant trait of formal operational thinking

Abstract and hypothetical reasoning.