cell structure & cell division

What are the 3 basic parts of a cell you need to know?

Plasma membrane, cytoplasm, and nucleus.

What does the plasma membrane do?.

Controls what goes into and out of the cell.

What is cytoplasm?

The material inside the cell that surrounds the nucleus.

What is the nucleus?.

The part of the cell that contains DNA.

Where is the DNA found?

In the nucleus

What is the cell cycle?

The process a cell goes through as it grows and divides.

What is interphase?

The stage when the cell grows, does its normal job, and prepares to divide.

Does the cell divide during interphase?

No. It prepares for division.

What happens to DNA before the cell divides?

The DNA is copied

What is mitosis?

The division of the nucleus.

What are the 4 stages of mitosis?

Prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase.

What is the easy way to remember the stages of mitosis?

PMAT — Prophase, Metaphase, Anaphase, Telophase.

What happens during prophase?

Chromosomes become visible and the spindle apparatus forms.

What happens to the nucleus during prophase?.

The nuclear envelope begins to break down.

What do chromosomes look like during prophase?

They become condensed and easy to see.

What happens during metaphase?

chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell.

What is the easiest way to recognize metaphase?

Chromosomes are lined up in the middle

Metaphase =

middle

What happens during anaphase?

Sister chromatids separate and move to opposite sides.

What separates during anaphase?

Sister chromatids.

Anaphase =

Apart

What happens during telophase?

Two new nuclei begin to form.

What happens to the chromosomes during telophase?

They begin to uncoil.

What is cytokinesis?

Division of the cytoplasm.

What is a cleavage furrow?

The pinching-in of an animal cell as it divides.

What structure should you look for when identifying cytokinesis in an animal cell?

A cleavage furrow.

What are chromosomes?

Structures made of DNA that contain genetic information.

What are sister chromatids?

Two identical copies of a chromosome.

When do sister chromatids separate?

Anaphase.

What holds sister chromatids together?

The centromere.

What is the spindle apparatus?

Structures that help move chromosomes during cell division.

What does the spindle apparatus do?

Helps separate and move chromosomes.

Why do we look at a whitefish blastula slide?

To identify cells in different stages of mitosis.

What should you look for to identify metaphase?

Chromosomes lined up in the middle.

What should you look for to identify anaphase?

Sister chromatids moving apart.

What should you look for to identify telophase?

Two forming nuclei.

What should you look for to identify prophase?

Condensed chromosomes becoming visible.