headache and fever

which mediator is primarily responsible for raising the set point in fever?

prostaglandin e2

fever

caused by a regulated rise in body temperature in response to a pyrogen

which temperature measurement route is considered the gold standard?

rectal

what part of the brain is the temperature zone?

hypothalamus

a fever is

temperature is above 100.4 F

what would be considered a fever for a Rectal and Tympanic measurement?

>100.4 F

what would be considered a fever for a Oral measurement?

>99.5 F

what would be considered a fever for a Auxiliary measurement?

>99 F

what type of headache is most common and often linked with stress?

tension

what would be considered a fever for a Temporal measurement in a 0-2 month old?

>100.7 F

what would be considered a fever for a Temporal measurement in a 3-47th month old?

>100.3 F

what would be considered a fever for a Temporal measurement in a >4 year old?

>100.1 F

a patient has unilateral, throbbing headaches with nausea. What’s the most likely diagnosis?

migraine

what ingredients are associated with medication overuse headaches?

APAP, NSAIDs, and caffeine

what is the maximum recommended daily dose of APAP for an adult with liver impairment?

2000 mg (half of a normal dose)

what is the dose for newborn-11yo for APAP?

10-15 mg/kg

every 4-6 hours

what is the max dosage in a day for newborn-11yo for APAP?

5 doses

what is the max dosage in a day for a newborn-11yo for Ibuprofen?

4 doses

what is the dose for 6months-11yo for Ibuprofen?

5-10 mg/kg

every 6-8 hours

what is not recommended for pregnant women >20 weeks?

NSAIDs

what dosage forms does APAP come in?

tablets

capsules

chewables/powders

liquid

suppository

regular strength APAP caps/tabs

325 mg

extra strength APAP caps/tabs

500 mg

extended release APAP caps/tabs strength

650 mg

chewables/powders APAP strength

160 mg

liquid APAP strength

160mg/5mL

dose for APAP ages 12+ and adults

325 mg-1000mg every 4-6 hours

650 mg-1300 mg every 8 hours

what is the maximum dose for APAP in 12+ and adults

4000 mg a day

how does Tylenol work as an antipyretic?

central inhibition of PGE2

APAP and ibuprofen are similar in that they:

have an onset of 30mins-1 hour that reduces fever by 1-2 degrees

when is the max temperature reduction for APAP and ibuprofen?

2 hours

what dosage forms does ibuprofen come in?

tablets

capsules

chewables

liquid

tablet/capsule strength for ibuprofen

200 mg

chewable strength for ibuprofen

100 mg

infant liquid strength for ibuprofen

50mg/1.25 mL

children liquid strength for ibuprofen

100mg/5 mL in suspension

what is the dose for ibuprofen for ages 12+ and adults

200-400 mg

ever 4-6 hours

what is the maximum daily dose for ibuprofen for 12+ and adults?

1200 mg

lower doses of ibuprofen:

reduce pain/fever

higher doses of ibuprofen:

reduce inflammation or higher fever

what is the MOA for Ibuprofen, Naproxen sodium, and aspirin as an analgesic, antipyretic, and anti-inflammatory?

central and peripheral inhibition of COX-1 and COX-2 to inhibit PGE2 synthesis

true or false: ibuprofen has a longer duration of fever reduction compared to APAP

true

ibuprofen can cause an upset stomach, epigastric pain, heartburn/dyspepsia because of its acidic properties. what should a pharmacist tell a patient who is taking ibuprofen?

take with food/milk

what medications can infants <6 months not take due to increased risk of GI/kidney adverse effects?

NSAIDs

patients with an aspirin allergy should avoid taking which type of medications?

NSAIDs

what dosage form(s) does naproxen sodium come in?

tablets

capsules

tablet/capsule strength naproxen sodium

220 mg

what is the dose for ages 12+ and adults for naproxen sodium

initial: 220-440 mg

follow with 220 mg every 8-12 hours

what is the maximum daily dose of naproxen sodium

660 mg

what medication is contraindicated for ages 12-15 yo due to risk of Reye’s syndrome?

aspirin

what is the MOA for aspirin as a cardiovascular protector?

inhibits platelet aggregation

which medication is not preferred for any other use than CV disease?

aspirin