Anatomy test (cardiovascular system)

Erythrocytes

• 45% of blood volume

• Red blood cells

• Not a true cell because it lacks nucleus

• Biconcave disks

• Percentage of them found in blood measured as hematocrit

• 120-day lifespan

• Job- to carry oxygen through the bloodstream from the lungs to the cells

• Contain hemoglobin- A protein used to bind oxygen

• Produced by erythropoiesis in the red marrow

Plasma

• 55% of total blood volume

• Liquid matrix of blood

• Non-cellular component of blood

• Made of 90% water and 10% solutes

• Job- carry electrolytes, proteins, free gases, and nutrients through the blood

Buffy coat

• 1% of total blood volume

• Thrombocytes and Leukocytes

Leukocytes

• White blood cells

• True cells

• 5 types

• Largest cells in the blood

• 1-3 day lifespan

• Includes basophils, Neutrophils, eosinophils, lymphocytes, and monocytes

• Job- Fight infection

Thrombocytes

• Platelets

• Not true cells because they are cell fragments

• Not true cells because they lack a nucleus

• Job- help with hemostasis

• Job- help to clot your blood

Neutrophils

• Most numerous white blood cells (50-70)

• Multi-labeled nucleus

• attracted to sites of inflammation

• Use phagocytosis to engulf bacteria

Eosinophils

• 2-4% of white blood cells

• two-labeled nucleus

• Use enzymes to digest parasitic worms (ex. tapeworms and flukes)

• memory hook- ew

Basophils

• Rarest white blood cells (less then 1%)

• relishes histamine: an inflammatory chemical that attracts other white blood cells to the site of infection

• memory hook- barley

Lymphocytes

• 25% of white blood cells

• 2nd most numerous white blood cells

• have a large nucleus that takes up most of the cell

• found in the lymph nodes

• two types- T cells, B cells

Monocytes

• 3-8 % of white blood cells

• Largest leukocytes

• have a u-shaped nucleus

• become macrophages: phagocytes that engulf viruses and other pathogens

• memory hook- massive

Pulmonary veins

• Pulmonary veins carry oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

• There are usually 4 pulmonary veins

• the job of the veins is to carry blood back to the heart

• the unique thing about pulmonary veins is that they carry oxygenated blood.

Left atriums

• The left atrium receives blood from the pulmonary veins

• the atria are the upper chambers of the heart

• the left atrium pumps blood to the left ventricle through the bicuspid valve

Bicuspid valve

• the heart has 4 valves

• the bicuspid valve has two flaps

• when the atrium contracts it opens the bicuspid valve

• when the bicuspid valve opens the blood goes to the left ventricle

Left ventricle

• The left ventricle receives blood from the left atrium

• the ventricles are the lower chambers of the heart

• the left ventricle has thick walls because it pumps blood to the whole body

Aortic Valve

• the aortic valve opens when the left ventricle contracts and allows blood to enter the aorta

• the aortic valve prevents blood from flowing back into the left ventricle

Aorta

• the aorta Is the largest artery in the body

• it is over 1 feet long and 1 inch wide

• like more arteries the aorta carries oxygenated blood away from the heart

The body tissue

• Your body tissues need oxygen to perform cellular respiration

• this processes is used to make ATP

• the tiny blood vessels found in your tissues are capillaries

• in these tiny capillaries, oxygen diffuses out of the bloodstream

• CO2 diffuses into the bloodstream

• (oxygenated and deoxygenated blood)

Superior and inferior vena cava

• Both of these blood vessels are veins

• the superior vena cava carries blood from parts of the body to the heart

• the inferior vena cava carries blood from the body parts below the heart

• both superior and inferior vena cava bring the deoxygenated blood to the right atrium

Right atrium

• the right atrium receives blood from the superior and inferior vena cava, there is also a left atrium

• the atria are the upper chambers of the heart

• the atria has thinner walls

• the right atrium pumps blood to the tricuspid valve through the right ventricle

tricuspid valve

• it has 4 valves

• the purpose of the valves- which prevents blood from flowing

• the tricuspid valve has 3 flaps

• what causes the tricuspid valve to open- when the right atrium contracts

• when he tricuspid valve opens, where does the blood go…?- from the right atrium to the right ventricle

Right ventricle

• the right ventricle receives blood from the tricuspid valve

• the ventricles are the lower chamber of the heart

• the right ventricle has thick walls because it pumps blood to the lungs

• the interventricular septum separates the left and right ventricles

Pulmonary valve

• the Latin word for “pulmon” means lungs

• the pulmonary valve opens when the right ventricle contracts and prevents blood flowing back into the heart

• the pulmonary valve leads to the pulmonary arteries

Pulmonary arteries

• there are 2 pulmonary arteries

• the job of the arteries carry blood away from the heart

• the unique thing about the pulmonary arteries is there they are the only arteries in the body that carry’s deoxygenated blood

• the pulmonary arteries lead to the lungs

Lungs

• The lungs have many tiny blood vessels called capillaries

• in the lungs, O2 diffuses into the lungs from the blood and CO2 diffuses into the blood from the lungs

• in the lungs, blood changes from deoxygenated to oxygenated

• both deoxygenated and oxygenated blood

what does the name “cardiovascular” tell you about the system…?

about the heart

why do you need oxygen to survive…?

you need oxygen for your blood cells

what type of tissue is the heart made of?

cardiac muscle

what type of tissue is appropriate for the job of the heart

pumps blood cells and the lungs

how many beats per minute is the average heartbeat?

72

who would have a slower average heartbeat? an athletes or a person with a sedentary lifestyle, Why?

a athlete because they are constantly moving and when they stop their heart rate is calm.

when will you have a higher heart rate? when you are resting or active and why

when you are moving more because your heart pumps more blood faster

Pulmonary circuit

• Between the heart and lungs (upper loop)

• Pulmonary arteries: carry deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

Systemic circuit

• Between the heart and tissues (lower loop)

• systemic veins: carry deoxygenated blood from the tissues back to the heart

Heart

• pumps blood to the right side (deoxygenated blood )

• Pumps blood to the left side (oxygenated blood)

Systemic arteries

Carry Oxygenated blood from the heart to the tissues

Lungs

remove CO2 from the blood; add oxygen to the blood

Body tissues

remove oxygen from the blood ; add CO2 to the blood

what does blood deliver to each cell?

Oxygen, Nutrients, water, hormones, white blood cells

what does blood remove from each cell?

waste (ex. Co2 )

Heart

• A pump made of cardiac muscle

• Pumps blood to the body cells and the lungs

• Beats approximately 72 beats per minute

• Made of 4 chambers

Blood

• Made of cells and plasma

• Functions: transportation (RBCs and plasma)

  Fight infection (WBCs), and clot blood (platelets)

Blood vessels

• Arteries: carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the body cells

• Capillaries: tiny blood vessels that connect arteries and veins at the body cells

• Veins: Carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart from the body cells