SkeletalSystem_majorTypesofBones&Osteocytes

Skeletal system

Composed of two highly specialized connective tissues: bone and cartilage

BONE MATRIX

Made up of calcium and phosphate

PERIOSTEUM

Covers the outer surfaces except for joint surfaces (covered with articular cartilage)

DIAPHYSIS

Shaft like portion

EPIPHYSIS

Ends of the bone

MEDULLARY CAVITY OR MARROW

Hollow, tube like structure within diaphysis

ENDOSTEUM

Inner membrane

• COMPACT BONE

• Outer layer, appears dense

• Haversian system (microscopic structure)

• Thick layer for long bones (femur, tibia)

• Thin for irregular bones (vertebral bodies and short bones)

CANCELLOUS (spongy) BONE

Weblike arrangements of marrow filled spaces separated by this process of bone called, trabeculae

EPIPHYSEAL CARTILAGE OR EPIPHYSEAL GROWTH PLATE

Site of longitudinal growth for long bones

METAPHYSIS

Where diaphysis meets the epiphyseal growth plate

OSTEOCLASTS

• Aged bone resorption

• Enlarged the diameter of medullary cavity by removing bone from diaphysis bone

OSTEOBLASTS

• New bone formatIon

• Produced new bone around the outer circumference

OSSIFICATION

Bone formation

RESORPTION

Bone destruction

GREULICH AND PYLE METHOD

Best known and most widely accepted method of determining skeletal bone age