PATHFIT 1 Health and Wellness, Movement Education and Exercise Program – Review Flashcards

A comprehensive set of 60 practice flashcards covering definitions, objectives, legal bases, functions, fitness components, training concepts, benefits and key historical facts from the PATHFIT 1 lecture notes.

What is the modern definition of Physical Education?

Education through movement; a process that uses games, dance, gymnastics, sports and outdoor pursuits so learners ‘learn to move and move to learn,’ developing them physically, mentally and emotionally.

How does Andin (2002) describe Physical Education?

An integral part of the education program that promotes optimum physical, emotional and mental development through total movement in properly selected physical activities.

What warning did philosopher Arthur Schopenhauer give about health?

“The greatest of follies is to neglect one’s health for any advancement of life.”

What are the three functions of Physical Education?

Biologic function, Integrative function, and Social function.

What does the Biologic function of PE refer to?

Enhancing an individual’s growth and development through body movement.

Define the Integrative function of PE.

Personality integration achieved through participation in properly selected physical activities.

What is the Social function of PE?

Transmitting values and standards consistent with societal needs through physical activity.

List the four general objectives of Physical Education.

Physical, Social, Emotional, and Mental development.

Give two social traits fostered by PE activities.

Examples include cooperation and good sportsmanship.

Name two emotional traits developed through PE.

Self-confidence and determination (others: self-control, self-reliance, courage).

How does PE contribute to Mental development?

By teaching mechanical principles of movement and providing knowledge of rules and strategies of games, sports and dance.

Which decree in 1972 directed education toward national goals?

Presidential Decree No. 6-A, the Educational Development Decree of 1972.

What constitutional article mandates promotion of Physical Education in the Philippines?

Article XIV, Section 19 (1) & (2) of the 1987 Philippine Constitution.

List the seven point objectives of Physical Education mentioned in the notes.

Knowledge, Physical Fitness, Social Skills, Motor Skills, Aesthetic appreciation, Nationalism, and Conservation of the natural environment.

Define Physical Fitness.

The ability to perform daily tasks efficiently without undue fatigue, with extra reserve for emergencies.

Name the four factors that contribute to Physical Fitness.

Good medical and dental care, proper nutrition, adequate rest and relaxation, and regular physical activity/exercise.

Why is physical fitness considered impermanent?

Fitness levels deteriorate once an individual stops regular exercise.

What are the two broad categories of Physical Fitness components?

Health-related fitness and Performance-related fitness.

List the five components of Health-related fitness.

Muscular strength, Muscular endurance, Cardiovascular endurance, Flexibility, and Body composition.

Define Muscular Strength.

The ability of muscles to exert maximum effort in a brief duration.

What are isotonic contractions?

Voluntary contractions where muscles alternately shorten and lengthen against resistance at varying speeds.

Differentiate concentric and eccentric contractions.

Concentric: muscle shortens during contraction; Eccentric: muscle lengthens while exerting force due to outside resistance.

What is an isometric contraction?

Muscle contraction against an immovable resistance without changing muscle length.

Explain isokinetic contraction.

Muscle contraction performed with fixed machines that provide variable resistance at a constant speed.

Give two physiological benefits of strength training.

Increases muscle strength 10-25 % within 6-8 weeks and causes muscle hypertrophy (increase in size).

Define Muscular Endurance.

The ability of muscles to endure sub-maximal effort for a prolonged period.

What is Cardiovascular Endurance?

The ability of the heart, blood vessels and lungs to adapt to physical exertion over a prolonged duration.

Name the four variables to consider in cardiovascular endurance training.

Intensity, Duration, Frequency, and Mode.

Give three physiological benefits of cardiovascular training.

Lower resting heart rate, faster recovery time, and increased blood volume/red blood cells for oxygen transport.

Provide five activities that develop cardiovascular endurance.

Prolonged brisk walking, jogging, cycling (stationary or road), continuous swimming, and aerobic dancing.

Define Flexibility.

The ability of muscles and joints to move through a full range of motion.

What three factors influence flexibility?

Joint structure, the amount of surrounding tissue, and extensibility of ligaments, tendons and muscles.

Name the four basic joint movements involved in flexibility.

Flexion, Extension, Abduction, and Adduction.

Differentiate Ballistic from Static stretching.

Ballistic uses bouncing movements to force elongation; Static involves slow, pain-free stretching held 15-30 seconds.

What is Dynamic stretching?

Using the muscle’s own force and body momentum to move a joint through its full available range of motion.

Describe PNF stretching.

Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation uses a contract-relax technique to increase flexibility.

Give three fitness benefits of flexibility exercises.

Increased joint range, reduced muscle stiffness, and improved blood circulation (others: injury prevention, less cardiovascular strain).

Define Body Composition.

The proportion of lean body mass to fat mass, indicating relative fatness or leanness for one’s height.

List William H. Sheldon’s three somatotypes.

Ectomorph, Mesomorph, and Endomorph.

Describe the Ectomorph body type.

Lean, small-framed build with slender limbs and low muscle mass.

Describe the Mesomorph body type.

Muscular predominance with large bones and massive limbs, heavier than ectomorphs.

Describe the Endomorph body type.

Soft roundness, larger digestive viscera, and a higher percentage of body fat.

What are the five components of Performance-related fitness?

Balance, Coordination, Agility, Speed, and Power.

Differentiate static and dynamic balance.

Static balance maintains equilibrium in a fixed position; dynamic balance maintains equilibrium while the body is in motion.

Define Coordination in the context of fitness.

A harmonious working relationship between skeletal muscles and nerves during movement.

What is Agility?

The ability to quickly change or shift body direction or position.

Define Speed in physical fitness.

The ability to move or perform successive movements in the shortest period of time.

Explain Power in physical fitness.

The ability to perform one maximum effort rapidly; a product of strength and speed.

Give five general benefits of being physically fit.

Greater vitality, better posture, relief from low-back pain, delayed aging processes, and readiness for emergencies.

Name the four measurable ‘hard-core’ parameters of physical fitness.

Muscular endurance, Muscular strength, Cardio-respiratory endurance, and Joint flexibility.

According to President John F. Kennedy, why is physical fitness vital?

Because intelligence and skill can function at peak capacity only when the body is healthy and strong.

When was Physical Education first made a required subject in Philippine public schools?

In 1920.

In what year did PE become a curricular subject in secondary schools?

1937.

What 1969 act established programs for school physical education and sports development?

The School of Physical Education and Sports Development Act of 1969.

Which learning area introduced in 1982 grouped Music, Arts and PE together?

MAPE (Music, Arts and Physical Education).

State one national goal supported by the Educational Development Decree of 1972 related to PE.

To strengthen national consciousness and promote desirable cultural values in a changing world (others: accelerate economic development and assure maximum participation of all people).

Give two desirable work traits PE aims to cultivate for economic well-being.

Punctuality and cooperation (others: reliability, precision, accuracy, open-mindedness).

List two specific purposes of PE linked to leadership and group living.

To train good leaders with high moral integrity and provide group participation experiences such as intramurals and sports fests.

What does ‘Organic Vigor’ mean in fitness concepts?

Soundness of the heart and lungs, contributing to resistance against disease.

Define Endurance as a fitness concept.

Capacity to sustain long-continued contractions or tasks without undue fatigue.

What is meant by Flexibility as a fitness concept?

Quality of plasticity that allows a wide range of movement in joints and muscles.

Why are somatotypes important to fitness enthusiasts?

They help predict realistic expectations for weight loss, weight gain or performance based on body type within a defined exercise program.

Provide two examples of cardiovascular endurance variables you must plan before exercising.

Intensity of the workout and frequency per week (others: duration, mode).