BIO topic 2: scientific methods

Theory

explanation of an aspect of the natural world based on a body of evidence and repeated experiments

often broad in scope, supported by long changes of evidence, serve as framework for research, contain multiple hypothesis and other theories.

evolutionary theory

body of knowledge that guids oir exploration of Bio doversity

Facts

: indisputable observations or natural phenomenon

Data

Recorded observations

Qualitative: discrete units of records, like color

Quantitative: numerical records

hypothesis

tentative explanation of certain natural phenomenon based on available factual data that leads to testable predictions

scientific research

inductive reasoning

observe>ponder>hypothesize

logical process to reach a conclusion by synthesizing observations

deductive reasoning

logical process to reach a conclusion from premises that are assumed to be true. think then test

controlled experiment

scientific test with one or several independent factors being modified while all remaining factors being the same

nececity of control group

we cannot determine whether the modifications of the experiment are related ti the observed results without comparison to the control group

correlation

2 things tent to progress and change together, smoking and lung cancer are positively correlated

causation

changes in one thing leads to changes in another