Topic 7 Lesson 2 Genetics and Chromosomes Flashcards

Vocabulary flashcards created from Topic 7 Lesson 2 additional notes covering genetics, chromosomes, pedigree maps, and cell division.

Gene

A section of DNA on a chromosome that contains instructions for making specific proteins and determining traits.

Dominant Alleles

Alleles whose traits always show up in the organism when the allele is present.

Recessive Alleles

Alleles that are hidden whenever the dominant allele is present.

Instructions for Living Things

Located on the chromosomes of cells.

Body Cells vs. Sex Cells Chromosome Ratio

The number of chromosomes in body cells is double (twice) the number of chromosomes in sex cells.

Number of Chromosomes Chart

A chart showing the relationship between body cells and sex cells chromosome numbers for various organisms.

House Cat Chromosome Number

Has 38 chromosomes in body cells and 19 chromosomes in sex cells.

Mallard Duck Chromosome Number

Has 80 chromosomes in body cells and 40 chromosomes in sex cells.

Corn Chromosome Number

Has 20 chromosomes in body cells and 10 chromosomes in sex cells.

Peanut Chromosome Number

Has 40 chromosomes in body cells and 20 chromosomes in sex cells.

Horse Chromosome Number

Has 64 chromosomes in body cells and 32 chromosomes in sex cells.

Oak Tree Chromosome Number

Has 24 chromosomes in body cells and 12 chromosomes in sex cells.

Sweet Potato Chromosome Number

Has 90 chromosomes in body cells and 45 chromosomes in sex cells.

Camel Chromosome Number

Has 70 chromosomes in body cells and 35 chromosomes in sex cells.

Chicken Chromosome Number

Has 78 chromosomes in body cells and 39 chromosomes in sex cells.

Pedigree Map Sex Symbols

On a pedigree map, males are represented by a square and females are represented by a circle.

Pedigree Map Lines

Lines on a pedigree map connect parents/couples with their offspring.

Pedigree Map Roman Numerals

Roman numerals represent the different generations on a pedigree map.

Two Main Types of Cell Division

Mitosis and meiosis are the two main types of cell division, differing in cell types produced and process steps.