Bsci202 Lab practical 3

regulates homeostasis eliminates waste

two major functions of urinary system?

water balance blood ph ion concentration bp blood volume rbc production vitamin d3

how does the urinary system maintain homeostasis?

nitrogenous wastes drugs toxins

what does the urine excrete as waste?

kidneys

structure that forms urine

ureter

structure that carries urine from the kidney to the bladder

bladder

structure that stores urine

urethra

carries urine from the bladder out of the body

renal pelvis

the ureters are continuous with the

peritoneum

ureters run behind...

posterior aspect of bladder

ureters enter...

gravity

what helps with peristalsis for urine transport?

smooth collapsible muscular sac

what is the bladder?

5 inches long 500 ml urine

moderately full bladder

trigone

openings from ureters and to urethra that form a triangle

prostate gland

what is wrapped around the male bladder?

detrusor muscle

what are the three layers of smooth muscle of the urinary bladder wall called?

smooth

what type of muscle is the urinary bladder wall?

transitional epithelium

mucosa of the urinary bladder wall is made up of...

thick and folded

in an empty bladder, walls are...

no

does pressure normally increase when bladder expands?

peristalsis

how does urine travel through the urethra?

3-4 cm

female urethra is approximately..

20 cm

male urethra is approximately...

semen and urine

what do males carry through their urethra?

next to wall of vagina

female urethra is

through prostate and penis

male urethra is

against the dorsal body wall

where are the kidneys located?

t12-l3

what vertebrae are the kidneys near?

right

which kidney is lower?

renal pelvis

inner collecting tube of kidney

renal cortex

outer part of kidney

renal medulla

inner part of kidney

renal hilum

medial indentation of kidney where things enter and exit

ureters blood vessels nerves

what enters and exits at renal hilum

adrenal gland

what sits on top of each kidney?

renal/fibrous capsule

what surrounds each kidney?

renal fascia

outermost layer of renal capsule

helps keep kidney in place against the trunk wall

what does the renal fascia do?

perineal fat

fat inside the renal fascia

cushions against blows and attaches kidney to body wall

what does perineal fat do?

pararenal fat

fat outside the rena fascia

helps keep kidney properly situated

what does pararenal fat do?

nephroptosis

when the kidney drops in position due to loss of peirenal fat

extensions of cortex like material

renal columns are

calyces

cup shaped structures that funnel urine toward the renal pelvis

1/4

how much of blood supply passes through kidneys each minute?

renal artery segmental artery interlobar artery arcuate arteries cortical radiate artery afferent arteriole

flow of blood through arteries of kidney

efferent arteriole peritubular capillary corticate radial veins arcuate veins interlobar veins renal vein

flow of blood through renal veins

knot of capillaries

what is the glomerulus?

glomerular capsule

what is the first part of the renal tubule?

yes

is the glomerulus a capillary bed?

low

are peritubular capillaries low or high pressure?

absorption instead of filtration

what are peritubular capillaries adapted for?

renal corpuscle

made up of glomerulus and glomerular capsule

filtration

renal corpuscle is the site of...

filtration

glomerulus is specialized for

high

is the glomerulus high pressure or low pressure?

medullary pyramids

what does the collecting duct run through?

calyces

collecting duct delivers urine into

glomerular filtration

movement from glomerulus to glomerular capsule

reabsorption

movement from tubules into peritubular capillaries

secretion

movement from peritubular capillaries into tubules

excretion

movement from tubules out of the body

solute was reabsorbed

if amount of solute excreted per minute is less than filter load

solute was secreted

if amount of solute excreted per minute is more than filter load

filtered load secretion rate reabsorption rate

amount excreted rate depends on...

micturition

urination is also called...

stretching of bladder

internal urethral sphincter is relaxed after

pelvic splanchnic nerve

nerve that initiates bladder to go into reflex contractions (happens after the internal urethral sphincter is relaxed)

filtrate

contains everything that blood plasma does not (except proteins)

urine

what remains after filtrate has lost most its water nutrients and necesarry ions

urochrome

yellow pigment of urine is caused by...

destruction of hemoglobin

urochrome comes from...

6

ph of urine

sodium potassium urea uric acid creatinine ammonia bicarbonate ions

what is normally found in urine?

glucose blood proteins rbcs hemoglobin wbcs bile

what is not normally found in urine?

glucosuria

when glucose is found in the urine

proteinuria

when proteins are in the urine

pyuria

when wbcs are in the urine

hematuria

when rbcs are in the urine

hemoglobinuria

when hemoglobin is in the urine

bilirubinuria

when bile is found in the urine

testes

what is the male primary reproductive organ?

inside scrotum

where are the testes located?

seminiferous tubules

site of sperm production inside testes

spermatogenesis and produce androgens

functions of testes?

testosterone

major androgen?

34-36 c

what temp must scrotum be for sperm production?

leydig/interstitial cells

what cells produce androgens?

epididymis

connects testes to vasa deferentia

sperm mature and learn to swim

what happens in epididymis?

ductus deferens

duct where sperm are stored

spermatic cord

ductus deferens is enclosed in

ejaculatory ducts

receives sperm from vasa deferentia and seceretions from seminal vesicles and prostate gland

epididymis ductus deferens ejaculatory ducts urethra

what are the male accessory reproductive ducts?

seminal vesicles

secrete 60% of seminal fluid

fructose

what does seminal fluid have in it for energy?

prostate gland

secretes 33% seminal fluid

bulbourethral gland

secretes thick alkaline fluid that neutralizes acidic urine residue in urethra

seminal vesicles prostate gland bulbourethral gland

what are the male accessory glands?