imperialism test APUSH

What is imperialism?

expanding a country’s influence or power through diplomacy or military force.

Examples of early US expansion?

Louisiana Purchase: acquisition of the territory of Louisiana by the United States from the French First Republic in 1803.

Monroe Doctrine: warned European powers not to interfere with affairs in the Western hemisphere, by James Monroe

Manifest Destiny: the early belief that American settlers were destined to expand through north America.

What was the origin of US imperialism?

economic expansion, and overseas markets (Hawaii, Philippians, Cuba, China)

What was The Influence of Sea Power Upon History by Alfred T Mahan? (1890)

Studied naval powers, and said that supremacy at sea was essential for a nation’s political and economic success.

What was Josiah Strong’s “Our Country” (1885)

Wanted to expand and spread Christianity, wanted a dominance of Anglo Saxton beliefs.

What was white mans burden?

a duty formerly asserted by white people to manage the affairs of nonwhite people whom they believed to be less developed.

Who were the republican expansionists?

Henry Cabot Lodge, John Hay, and Teddy Roosevelt

Who were the Jingoists?

patriotic supporters of the expansion and use of military power. Ex Teddy Roosevelt wanted a war to demonstrate America’s power.

Annexation of Hawaii?

Americans were invested in Hawaii because of the sugar exports and new military bases. Stanford B Dole held an unlawful seizure of power against Queen Liliuokolami with the tactic of support. Dole submitted a treaty of annexation but it was rejected. President Grover Cleveland tried to restore the queen to the throne but Dole wouldn’t step down. After the Spanish-American war and the use of Pearl Harbor Hawaii was annexed.

Samoa and Pago Pago

in 1878 the US signed a treaty for the establishment of a naval base in Pago Pago. 1899 agreement between colonial powers divided Samoa and US took control of Eastern islands.

What sparked tensions between the Spanish and the Americans?

The sinking of the USS Maine. The Americans traveled to Cuba to try to help the camps, however, the ship blew up and killed 266 Americans. It was really a ship malfunction but US believed the Spanish had done it.

What was the second main cause of Spanish-American war?

yellow journalism- style of newspaper reporting that exaggerated events. William Randolf Hearst and Pulitzer both used this style before the war to sell more papers. “you furnish the pictures, ill furbish the war” said by Hearst to a photographer being sent to Cuba.

What was the De Lome letter

Letter from the Spanish Ambassador criticising president Mckinley calling him weak which Hearst released in the paper to fuel anger.

What was William Mckinley’s War Message?

asked congress to go to war with Spain in order to help the Cubans that were being sent to camps, however the real reason was imperialism.

How did John Hay describe the Spanish-American War? "

“A splendid little war” It only lasted 4 months and not many Americans were lost to the Spanish, more were lost to yellow fever.

What was the teller Amendment

made the promise that the United States would not attempt to annex or control Cuba after the Spanish-American War. Said Cubans should have independence. Spain to remove its authority. Americans could call military service in Cuba.

Theodore Roosevelt and the Rough Riders?

Teddy Roosevelt formed a voluntary group filled with many different types of people and during the battle of San Juan Hill, he charged up the hill and killed the Spanish, and won the battle.

Dewey and the Philippians?

Dewey achieved a naval victory against a Spanish Fleet in the Manila bay.

Treaty of Paris (1898)

Spain recognized Cuba’s independence. Even though Americans won the war, the U.S. paid Spain $20 million due to conscious money. Spain ceded the Philippines, Puerto Rico, and Guam to the U.S. Empire.

Emilio Aguinaldo and Guerilla Warfare?

Emilio Aguinaldo (Filipino leader) declared guerilla war would be the strategy , Filipino rebel leader who took control of the Philippine capital, Manila, with the help of U.S. reinforcements.

What was the Platt Amendment?

Stated that Cuba will not enter into any treaty with foreign powers that will impair he independence of Cuba. The government consents that the US can interfere in gov, economy etc. In shorter terms to protect cuban independence.

Foraker Act?

Put the US in control over Puerto Rico and their government, showed oppression and limited control.

Insular cases?

opinions by the supreme court of the status in newly acquired territories. People in territories were not US citizens.

What was the Anti Imperialist League?

opposed imperialism because they believed that it went against the ruling in Britain that we had gotten away from. Also went against the Monroe doctrine. (Mark Twain, Carnegie, Addams)

What were the Spheres of Influence?

John Hay sent notes to major powers (France, Italy, Germany, and Russia) declaring that they would uphold Chinese Territorial, and would not interfere with the use of free trade ports. Respectful Trading.

What was the Open Door Policy

Created by John Hay, proposed to keep equal trade in China open to all countries, prevented any one nation from controlling trade exclusively.

Boxer Rebellion

Uprising against foreigners and christianity in China. violent attacks.

Big Stick Diplomacy

Used by Teddy Roosevelt, “speak softly and carry a big stick” believed in not telling people about Americas power but showing them.

Panama Canal

The French acquired the territory from the Columbians but they went into debt due to yellow fever, asked TR if he wanted to buy but Columbia demanded money. US navy freed rebels from Columbia and established Panama, canal was built

Roosevelt Corollory

said US was an international police, if you have a problem the US will take care of it. Stabilize economic affairs.

Russo Japanese War/Portsmouth Peace Confrence

between japan and russian empire over rival imperial ambitions. Theo Roosevelt officially ended the war and won the nobel peace prize for his role.

Gentlemans Agreement

Signed with Japan to limit immigration to the US, helped Japan factories.

Great While Fleet

Established by Teddy Roosevelt sailed white ships around the world, which showed US power.

Dollar Diplomacy

Created by William taft, stated that the goal of diplomacy is to create stability and order abroad that would best promote US businesses (only get involved with money)

Moral diplomacy

Created By Woodrow Wilson, Stated that the US has a moral responsibility to deny recognition to any Latin gov that views as oppressive.

Pancho Villa and Mexico

anti imperialist rebel war leader, president woodrow wilson sent troops to catch him because he believed in moral diplomacy.