Unit 1 anatomy

Anatomy

Study of structures of an organism

Physiology

Study of how the organism’s body functions

Stuctural organization

Cell, tissue, organ, organ system, organism

Four main tissue types

Connective, epithelial, muscular, nervous.

Tissue is a group of cells working together to do a job

circulatory

Transport nutrients and blood heart

Respiratory

Exchanges gases

Lungs, diaphragm

Nervous

Detects impulses from senses

Skeletal

Provides support and protection, gives body shape

Bones, ligaments, joints

Digestive

Breaks down and absorbs food

Stomach, small intestine

Muscular

Provides movement for all parts of the body

Skeletal, smooth, cardiac

Integumentary

Protect the body, regulate temp, prevent water loss

Skin hair nails

Lymphatic

Fights infection and provides fluid for cells

Spleen

Excretory

Removes waste from the blood

Kidney, bladder, ureters

Endocrine

Secretes hormones

Glands hypothalamus, pituitary

Reproductive

Produces sex cells

Ovaries, vaginia

Maintaining life functions

Keeping the internal environment distinct from the outside world (such as cell membranes or skin).

Movement

Changing position of the body or internal substances (like blood or food moving through organs).

Responsiveness

Sensing changes in the environment and reacting to them.

Digestion

Breaking down swallowed food into simple parts that the blood can absorb.

Metabolism

All chemical reactions inside the body that make and use energy.

Excretion

Getting rid of waste products created by body processes.

Reproduction

Making new offspring at both the cell and organism levels.

Growth

Increasing in overall size or number of cells.

Medial

Towards midline of body

Lateral

Away from midline of body

Superior

Towards head

Inferior

Towards feet

Proximal

Close to the origin of a limb

Distal

Away from the origin of a limb

Deep

Internal/away from surface

Superficial

On the surface of body

Practice describing locations using directional and region terms

Did it

Three planes

Median/midsagittal, frontal/coronal, transverse

Median/midsagittal

Divides body in left and right

Frontal/coronal

Divides the body into ventral and dorsal

Transverse

Divides the body into superior and inferior

Dorsal cavity has what

Cranial and vertebral

Ventral

Superior mediastrinum, pleural, pericardial, abdominal, pelvic

Organs in cranial cavity

Brain

Organs in vertebral cavity

Spinal cord

Organs in abdominal cavity

Kidneys, liver, stomach

Organs in thoracic cavity

Lungs, heart

Organs in pelvic cavity

Bladder, rectum

9 abdominopelvic regions

Right hypochondriac, right lumbar, right iliac, epigastric, umbilical, hypogastric, left hypochondriac, left lumbar, left iliac

Parietal serosa

Outer layer in ventral cavity

Serous fluid

Fluid between parietal and visceral

Visceral serosa

Inner layer in ventral cavity

Contrast transcription with translation

Transcription-nucleus

Translation-cytosaul

Mitosis

Starts with diploid, undergoes one division to make 2 diploid. Somatic cells

Meiosis

Starts with diploid parent cells, undergoes two divisions to make 4 haploid

Simple passive transport

Molecules are small enough to move through lipid bilayer

Facilitated passive transport

Protein channels help molecules move

Active transport

Uses ATP, low to high concentration

Stimulus

Activates a sense

Receptor (sensor)

Specialized organ, cell, tissue that detects the environmental change

Control center

Brain

Effector

Muscle, gland, organ that receives the signal

Why is negative feedback the most common homeostatic mechanism

It reverses changes in the body to return the internal conditions to a stable position. It is more stable since it sets in back to a clear range. Positive feedback would cause extremistis.

Why use anatomical position

It’s helps doctors talk about the body easily and effectively

What are the five survival needs

Nutrients,Oxygen,Water,Stable body temperature,Appropriate atmospheric pressure

Muscular

Movement of stool and food

Beating of heart

Connective

Makes up bone, cartilage, blood

Connects organs together

Nervous

Conducts electrical impulses through the brain

Spinal cord and nerve

5 senses

Epithelial

Makes up skin, lining of internal pathways, and glands