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biotic
living things (plants, animals)
abiotic
Non-living things (rocks, soil, water)
renweable resource
environment continues to supply or replace
Non-renwable resource
a resource used faster than it can be re-made
why are we using more natural resources nowadays ?
more people, more industry, lifestyle choices
why is water needed
drinking, cooking, washing, producing goods, agriculture
how is water exploited?
it is wasted and misused, increased demand. in mining toxic byproducts can be washed into water sources, sewage contaminating sources
consequences of water exploitation
causes problems for animals and vegitation, decreasing biodiversity. toxic products/ sewage contaminate the water
why if food needed
to feed the ever increasing population - can be done through deforestation for farming, intense cultivation and over fishing
how are environment exploited for food
overgrazing, deforestation, overfishing
overgrazing
reducing in soil quality
deforestation
rainforest trees cut to make way for cattle ranching
overfishing
increased demand reduced ocean stock- we've removed around 2/3 of the large fish pop, fishing techniques cause destruction to the sea floor
what are the consequences of fishing and farming exploitation?
over grazing and deforestation can lead to soil erosion and reduction in soil fertility. overfishing has led to reduced biodiversity in the oceans changing the ecosystem
why is energy needed?
to meet the demand from humans
how are environments exploited for energy?
oil, gas and coal are exploited through mining
consequences of exploitation for energy?
extraction and production of energy from fossil fuels can cause reduction in air quality because of greenhouse gases (co2/so2). acid rain produced by burning fossil fuels creating (so2) - damages buildings, plants and aquatic life
oil extraction in ecuador
during 1960's, oil discovered in a place home to indigenous tribes. oil extraction involved pipelines cracking and waste pits filled with toxic sludge overflowing causing pollution and risking the health of the indigenous population
deforestation in Cameroon
covered in 48% of rainforest - 1% cut down each year for palm oil plantations. impact biodiversity, soil erosion which is a big problem for food security
overfishing in the north sea
in last 50 yrs unsustainable fishing practises resulted in critical fish pop levels. 300,00 tons in 1970 fell to 20,000 tons in 2006
where is there gold in africa
east coast and north west
where is there oil in africa
niger, chad, sudan
where is there gas in africa
north coast
where is there coal in africa?
not much
how does having resources affect the country?
boost economy, TNC's profit from trading, having resources makes it cheaper in that country (US v cheap oil/fuel), having lots could prevent people doing new research
countries which most oil
venezuala, saudi arabia, canada
countries with most gas
russia, iran and qatar
countries with most coal
USA, russia , China
which countries produce at least 5% of worlds wood?
Canada, Brazil, USA
soil and agriculture distribution
broadly sweeping bands across countries
where are diamonds found?
sub-Saharan africa, russia and australia
where is iron ore found?
all continents except africa
food consumption patterns
developed countries have highest levels of food consumption
water usage patterns
amount of water varies (linked to development)
energy usage patterns
globaly = increasing, amount of energy used my a country depends on a number of things including level of development. emerging countries are using an increasing amount of energy to power their developing industries
where are arable ( crops) distributed in the UK?
east of england because flat land = easier for machines, rain shadow
where is cattle distributed?
south west, central = relief rainfall which isnt good for crops
where are hill sheep distributed?
mountainous areas (scotland, ireland, Pennines, lake district)
what is market gardening?
Vegetables
what type of soil is in the Uk?
mostly brown earth and Gley
browth earth soil info
widespread in britain apart from mountainous areas
gley soil info
scotland, areas of high rainfall where water doesnt drain easy
forestry distribution in the UK
concentrated in the North and West of country - 13% of GB land area - one of most highly deforested countries in europe
fossil fuels distribution in the UK
coal - northumberland, south wales.
oil - offshore in the North Sea
water supply distribution in the UK
greatest on the west side result of relief rainfall - piped to areas of high urban pop
what type of rock and minerals in the uk?
UK has a variety for minerals - construction minerals, industrial minerals and fossil fuels
percentage coal
30%
percentage gas
30%
percentage nuclear
19%
percentage renewable
19.%
most used renewable
wind (9.5%)
why does wealth of country impact energy mix?
more wealth = can invest in new green technology (they rely of fuelwood and fossil fuels
how does availablity of resources impact energy mix?
if you have lots of it you are going to use is (UAE + oil and Norway + HEP
how does population impact energy mix?
more people need it = more energy needed. HEP - more control than solar or wind
Definition of sustainable development
development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.
suggested date that oil will run out
2055
suggested date that gas will run out
2180
suggested date that coal will run out
2430
ways locals can manage their energy sustainably
insulate homes to reduce energy waste, solar panels on roofs, public transport
what green peace is doing
campaigning for increased use of renewables and stop developing fossil fuels
what is the UK government doing for sustainable managment?
in dec 2015 UK pledged to limit global temp rise to below 2 degrees. it is investing in low carbon energy tech. by 2050 UK will produce 80% less carbon than in 19190
what is Norway doing with oil?
it has vast supplies of oil and gas which it is transporting to other countries and using money to invest in tech to imporve the extraction of oil and maximise supply
Norway oil extraction stat
on average 65% of oil is lost in process, Norway loses 54%
Norway HEP
99% of Norway electricity supply is acquired form HEP
NOrway sustainable aims
by 2020 reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30%
Norway government policies for houses
no oil boilers, 40-50% of houses' heating has to come from something other than electricity
Norway government policies for transport
rail network transferred to electric, more speed limits to discurage car use
Norway government policies for industries
grant given to install renewables
bhutan energy resource managment : which sources?
HEP, fuelwood
HEP in Bhutan
provides 40% of government income, provides electricity to 95% of households in 2013
why is fuelwood used in Bhutan
people cna't afford electricity and it is freely available in forests
why are people trying to stop fuel wood uses in Bhutan?
causes lung problems, deforestation, buring wood produces greenhouse gasess
how are the government overcoming fuelwood in Bhutan?
trying t regulate - people without out electricity = 16m^3 per year
people with=8m^3 per year
challenges to overcome fuelwood use in Bhutan?
hard to regulate in remote areas, not many other alternatives
