resource managment-geography topic

biotic

living things (plants, animals)

abiotic

Non-living things (rocks, soil, water)

renweable resource

environment continues to supply or replace

Non-renwable resource

a resource used faster than it can be re-made

why are we using more natural resources nowadays ?

more people, more industry, lifestyle choices

why is water needed

drinking, cooking, washing, producing goods, agriculture

how is water exploited?

it is wasted and misused, increased demand. in mining toxic byproducts can be washed into water sources, sewage contaminating sources

consequences of water exploitation

causes problems for animals and vegitation, decreasing biodiversity. toxic products/ sewage contaminate the water

why if food needed

to feed the ever increasing population - can be done through deforestation for farming, intense cultivation and over fishing

how are environment exploited for food

overgrazing, deforestation, overfishing

overgrazing

reducing in soil quality

deforestation

rainforest trees cut to make way for cattle ranching

overfishing

increased demand reduced ocean stock- we've removed around 2/3 of the large fish pop, fishing techniques cause destruction to the sea floor

what are the consequences of fishing and farming exploitation?

over grazing and deforestation can lead to soil erosion and reduction in soil fertility. overfishing has led to reduced biodiversity in the oceans changing the ecosystem

why is energy needed?

to meet the demand from humans

how are environments exploited for energy?

oil, gas and coal are exploited through mining

consequences of exploitation for energy?

extraction and production of energy from fossil fuels can cause reduction in air quality because of greenhouse gases (co2/so2). acid rain produced by burning fossil fuels creating (so2) - damages buildings, plants and aquatic life

oil extraction in ecuador

during 1960's, oil discovered in a place home to indigenous tribes. oil extraction involved pipelines cracking and waste pits filled with toxic sludge overflowing causing pollution and risking the health of the indigenous population

deforestation in Cameroon

covered in 48% of rainforest - 1% cut down each year for palm oil plantations. impact biodiversity, soil erosion which is a big problem for food security

overfishing in the north sea

in last 50 yrs unsustainable fishing practises resulted in critical fish pop levels. 300,00 tons in 1970 fell to 20,000 tons in 2006

where is there gold in africa

east coast and north west

where is there oil in africa

niger, chad, sudan

where is there gas in africa

north coast

where is there coal in africa?

not much

how does having resources affect the country?

boost economy, TNC's profit from trading, having resources makes it cheaper in that country (US v cheap oil/fuel), having lots could prevent people doing new research

countries which most oil

venezuala, saudi arabia, canada

countries with most gas

russia, iran and qatar

countries with most coal

USA, russia , China

which countries produce at least 5% of worlds wood?

Canada, Brazil, USA

soil and agriculture distribution

broadly sweeping bands across countries

where are diamonds found?

sub-Saharan africa, russia and australia

where is iron ore found?

all continents except africa

food consumption patterns

developed countries have highest levels of food consumption

water usage patterns

amount of water varies (linked to development)

energy usage patterns

globaly = increasing, amount of energy used my a country depends on a number of things including level of development. emerging countries are using an increasing amount of energy to power their developing industries

where are arable ( crops) distributed in the UK?

east of england because flat land = easier for machines, rain shadow

where is cattle distributed?

south west, central = relief rainfall which isnt good for crops

where are hill sheep distributed?

mountainous areas (scotland, ireland, Pennines, lake district)

what is market gardening?

Vegetables

what type of soil is in the Uk?

mostly brown earth and Gley

browth earth soil info

widespread in britain apart from mountainous areas

gley soil info

scotland, areas of high rainfall where water doesnt drain easy

forestry distribution in the UK

concentrated in the North and West of country - 13% of GB land area - one of most highly deforested countries in europe

fossil fuels distribution in the UK

coal - northumberland, south wales.
oil - offshore in the North Sea

water supply distribution in the UK

greatest on the west side result of relief rainfall - piped to areas of high urban pop

what type of rock and minerals in the uk?

UK has a variety for minerals - construction minerals, industrial minerals and fossil fuels

percentage coal

30%

percentage gas

30%

percentage nuclear

19%

percentage renewable

19.%

most used renewable

wind (9.5%)

why does wealth of country impact energy mix?

more wealth = can invest in new green technology (they rely of fuelwood and fossil fuels

how does availablity of resources impact energy mix?

if you have lots of it you are going to use is (UAE + oil and Norway + HEP

how does population impact energy mix?

more people need it = more energy needed. HEP - more control than solar or wind

Definition of sustainable development

development that meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.

suggested date that oil will run out

2055

suggested date that gas will run out

2180

suggested date that coal will run out

2430

ways locals can manage their energy sustainably

insulate homes to reduce energy waste, solar panels on roofs, public transport

what green peace is doing

campaigning for increased use of renewables and stop developing fossil fuels

what is the UK government doing for sustainable managment?

in dec 2015 UK pledged to limit global temp rise to below 2 degrees. it is investing in low carbon energy tech. by 2050 UK will produce 80% less carbon than in 19190

what is Norway doing with oil?

it has vast supplies of oil and gas which it is transporting to other countries and using money to invest in tech to imporve the extraction of oil and maximise supply

Norway oil extraction stat

on average 65% of oil is lost in process, Norway loses 54%

Norway HEP

99% of Norway electricity supply is acquired form HEP

NOrway sustainable aims

by 2020 reduce greenhouse gas emissions by 30%

Norway government policies for houses

no oil boilers, 40-50% of houses' heating has to come from something other than electricity

Norway government policies for transport

rail network transferred to electric, more speed limits to discurage car use

Norway government policies for industries

grant given to install renewables

bhutan energy resource managment : which sources?

HEP, fuelwood

HEP in Bhutan

provides 40% of government income, provides electricity to 95% of households in 2013

why is fuelwood used in Bhutan

people cna't afford electricity and it is freely available in forests

why are people trying to stop fuel wood uses in Bhutan?

causes lung problems, deforestation, buring wood produces greenhouse gasess

how are the government overcoming fuelwood in Bhutan?

trying t regulate - people without out electricity = 16m^3 per year
people with=8m^3 per year

challenges to overcome fuelwood use in Bhutan?

hard to regulate in remote areas, not many other alternatives