Week 3 Chair side- Instruments identification + cotton products

Dent hand instruments

Dent hand are manually operated

Come in variety shapes and size

Ex. Single-ended or double_ended

Instruments design

designed w/ 3 specific parts

1.Handle- instrument that operator gasp

2.Shank- Part that connects the working end to the handle

3.Working End- Portion designed for specific function

Basic components

Working end : Blade (Flat cutting edge), Nib (blunt point or tip), Point ( sharp or tapered end)

Shank

Handle

Variation dent hand instruments

Most instruments are made of stainless steel, carbon steel, plastic, or specialized metal

Working end may be point, blade, or nib

Shank can be straight or angled ( w/ angled shank would be used in posterior area)

Instruments can be single or double edge ( doubled ended are mirror images or have reverse angles)

Working end variation uses

Point- slender, tapered + ends in a point

Blade- Use to cut, at least one cutting edge

Nib- Not meant to cut, its blunt

Cutting Vs. Non-cuttin

Classified as cutting instruments or Non-cutting instruments

Cutting → blade = use to cut tissue

non-cutting → nib, point, or beak = doesn’t cut

Examination Instruments

Often utilized instruments on the tray: includes mirror, explorer, periodontal probe

Use in procedures ranging from:

Checking specific problem

Providing oral examination

evaluating a restored tooth

Basic setup

Set out for every procedures, include:

Mouth mirror

explorer

Cotton forceps (pilers)

Typically placed in the first position (left) on tray

Mouth Mirror

Consist of mirror head and handle

uses include:

Indirect vision- view area that are difficult

Light reflection- Directs light onto areas being examined or treated

retraction- maintains a clear field by keeping tissue out of the way

Tissue protection- helps guard tongue or cheek against accidental injury by dental bur

Type of outh mirror

Plane surface ( regular surface) : Most distortion than front surface mirror, less expensive

Front surface: Less distortion than plane surface mirror, scratches easily

Concave surface: Magnify image

Plane surface Vs Front surface

Plane surface (regular): reflect material on the back of glass (ghost image)

Front surface: reflective material is on top of glass

Explorer

Different shapes but working end is always:

Thin, flexible, ends in a sharp point

-Used primarily to examine tooth surface and detect:

Caries, tooth defect, defective restoration, calculus

Cotton pliers

Have tips/beaks on working end ( looks like tweezer)

Uses includes: holding small items whiling placing into or removing them from oral cavity

Retrieving an item from container or drawer ( to prevent cross contamination)

The beak may be: curved, angled, smooth or serrated on the inside

Identifing an instrument

May be indentified using a combination of letter and numbers or number only

Some are named for the person who designed them

When the design name + number are labeled along length of handle, each working end is identified by # closest to it

Black’s formula

Dr. G.V describes the angulation and dimesions of the hand instrument’s working end

# describes the shape, size, and angle of cavity preparation instruments

Thus:

The 3-Number system

1st #- width of blade

2nd #- cutting edge angel

3rd #- blade length

4th #- blade angle

Cotton product used in dent

Gauze squared ( 2 x2 2’s or 4 × 4’s)

• absorb moisture, control bleeding, remove dent mat from instruments

Cotton rolls

• absorb moisture, isolate a tooth, patients to bite down when following cementation of crown

Cotton pellets

• dry a small portion of tooth, apply small amount of mat or solution to a tooth

Cotton tip applicator

• apply mat on the tooth, often to apply topical anesthesia