production and poperties of x rays

Electromagnetic radiation

Wavelike fluctuations of electric and magnetic fields set up in space by oscillating electrons

Speed of electromagnetic waves

3×10^8 m

3×10^10 cm

186,000 miles per second

Frequency

Number of crest or cycles per second

Hertz

Unit of frequency defined as 1 cycle per second

What is the useful wavelength of an X-ray

.1 - .5 angstroms

what are gramma rays

Identical to x rays

Emitted by nuclei of certain radionuclides

Components of x ray tube

Glass envelope

Hot filament

Target

High voltage supply

Four conditions required for production of x rays in hot cathode tube

Separation if elections

Production of high speed electrons

Focusing of electrons

Stopping of high speed electrons

Where do incident photons occur

In patient

Where do incident electrons occur

In tube

What is bremsstrahling radiation / Brems

Difference between the entering and exiting kinetic energy of electron

How much percent of x rays is emitted is brems when 80-100 kV is applied

90%

When are Brems produced

When electrons interact with force field of nucleus

When does characteristic interaction occur w

When incident electrons interact with inner shell electrons

What is characteristic interaction

Energy of the photon is exactly the difference between the binding energy of the outer and inner shells between the electron dropped

What is characteristic cascade

Incident electron knocks out an inner shell electron and the orbiting electrons fill the hole until the outermost shell is missing an electron

When is no characteristic radiation produced

When tube potential is less than 69kV

Target material of x ray tube

High melting point

High atomic number

Tungsten metal

What is an individual x ray bit of energy called

Photon/quantum

What is NOT a property of x ray

Electrically negative

When does photoelectric absorption occur

When x ray photons interact with inner shell electrons

What is a photoelectron

An inner shell electron after is has been ejected

When does Compton scatter occur

When incident photon interact with loosely bound outer shell electrons, removes electron and proceeds to different scattered photon

What is Compton scattered photon

Photon which exits the atom in a different direction

What happens to photons as kvp increases

Photons without interactions increase

What happens when photoelectric interactions decrease

kvp increases

What happens when Compton interactions increase

Kvp increases

the transition of orbital electrons from outer to inner shells give rise to

characteristics x rays

The type s of targe interaction that occur in the production of diagnostic range x ray photons are dependent upon

electron kinetic energy

nuclear binding energy

The types of radiation produced at the target

Brems and characteristic

What is responsible for creating the conditions for contrast on the image

Photoelectric interaction

X ray out put is inversely proportion to mA

False

what is produced when an electron from outer shell moves to fill vacancy by inner shell electron

characteristic radiation

what is the diagnostic range of x rays

30-150kV

During a characteristic interaction the dropping of a higher energy state electron into a lower energy state hole results in the emission of 

Photon of energy 

Force with which the electron stream passes from cathode to anode is a result of ____ passing through the x ray tube

Kilovoltage

Anode cooling curve

What temperature does an x ray tube filament exhibit significant thermionic emission

2500 degrees C

What component of the x ray tube is a graphite disc having a tungsten rhenium track at its periphery

Anode

High frequency power

Has almost no ripple

Mutual induction is used in the operation of what device

Step up transformer

What metal are the filament wires in radiographic tubes made

Tungsten

What is used to focus the electron stream toward the target of the anode

Molybdenum focusing cup