Terms of Refrence + Topography

What is anatomy

study of internal and external structures and their physical relationships

Why is precise vocabulary important in anatomy

to avoid miscommunication that could harm patients

define tissue

a group of cells that perform a similar function

what is an organ

group of tissues functioning together

what is organ system

a group of organs working together

what makes up an organism

sum of all cells, tissues, organs, and organ systems

name the four tissue types

connective

epithelial

muscle

nerve

what are the functions of epithelial tissue

lining, protection, secretion, absorption, diffusion

what the three types of muscle tissue

skeletal (voluntary),

cardiac (heart, spontaneous contraction),

smooth (involuntary, intestines and blood vessels)

what are examples of connective tissue

bone, cartilage, fat, blood

what is the role of nerve tissue?

transmits electrical impulses (brain, spinal cord, nerves)

what is the normal anatomical position?

standing, facing forward, palms forward

name two anterior (front) anatomical landmarks

mid clavicular line, midaxillary line

name two posterior (back) anatomical landmarks

mid-spinal line, mid-scapular line

what are the three anatomical planes?

frontal/coronal plane (slice front/back vertically)

sagittal/mid-sagittal (slice in half, = left/right)

transverse (slice horizontally = upper,lower)

define medial vs lateral

medial = toward midline

lateral = away from midlinede

define superior(cranial) and inferior (caudal)

superior = toward head

inferior = toward feet

define anterior and posterior

anterior = front

posterior = back

name structures in the mediastinum

heart, aorta, esophagus, trachea, great veins (superior vena cava, inferior vena cava

name the four abdominal quadrants

right upper, right lower,

left upper, left lower

what does brachial refer to

arm, near bicep

what does carpal refer to

wristw

what does femoral refer to

thigh

what does pedal refer to?

foot

where is carotid pulse

in the neck

what does supine mean?

lying on the backwhat

what does prone mean?

lying face downw

what is fowlers position

sitting upright at various angles

what is trendelenberg position

laying, feet higher than the head

what are the pulse landmarks used for

to assess rate, rhythm, and quality

where are pulse landmarks usually located?

close to the skin and near bone