Endocrine system (quiz 3)

Endocrine system main function

control or regulation of body functions

Endocrine system subfunctions

• metabolism

• control of food intake and digestion

• tissue development

• ion levels

• water balance

• heart rate and blood pressure changes

• control of blood glucose and other nutrients

• control of reproductive functions

• uterine contractions and milk release

• immune system function

Hormones are

chemical messengers

Classes of hormones

Amines, peptides, steroids

Amine hormones

hormone derived from the amino acid tyrosine

Peptide hormones

hormone is a long chain of animo acids (proteins)

Steriod hormones

hormones derived from cholesterol

Hormone modes of transportation

Endocrine, paracrine, autocrine

Endocrine mode of transport

hormones travel through bloodstream to their target

Paracrine mode of transport

hormones target is local to where it was secreted

Autocrine mode of transport

hormones target is the cell that secreted it

Target cell definition

cell that will have an affect from a given hormone

Target cells have

a receptor for the given hormone

Hormone receptor locations

Within the cell or on the cell membrane

Within the cell hormone receptor

hormones diffuse through cell membrane to get into the cell

On the cell membrane hormone receptor

hormone binds to receptor which results in intracellular signalling

Hormones regulation types

negative feedback or positive feedback

Negative feedback hormone regulation

hormone is secreted and the hormone causes a biological effect which results in inhibition of further secretion of the hormone

Positive feedback hormone regulation

hormone is secreted and the hormone causes a biological effect which results in further secretion of the hormone

All endocrine glands

Posterior pituitary, anterior pituitary, thyroid gland, parathyroid glands, adrenal glands, adrenal medulla glands, pancreas

Posterior pituitary gland secretes

ADH and oxytocin

ADH hormone type

peptide

ADH function

acts on cells in the kidney to be more permeable to water, body retains water

Oxytocin hormone type

peptide

Oxytocin function

acts on mammary gland for milk let down, acts on uterus causing contractions

Anterior pituitary gland hormones

growth hormone, ACTH, TSH, gonadotropic hormones, prolactin

Growth hormone hormone type

peptide

Growth hormone function

stimulates growth of cells

ACTH hormone type

peptide

ACTH function

stimulates adrenal cortex to secrete hormones

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) hormone type

peptide

TSH (thyroid stimulating hormone) function

stimulates the thyroid to secrete thyroid hormone

Ganadotrophic hormones

follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH)

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) hormone type

peptide

Follicle stimulating hormone (FSH) function

stimulates oogenesis and spermatogenesis

Luteinizing hormone (LH) hormone type

peptide

Luteinizing hormone (LH) function

stimulates ovulation and development of corpus luteum, testosterone secretion

Prolactin hormone type

peptide

Prolactin function

initiates and maintains lactation

Thyroid gland hormones

Thyroid hormones and calcitonin

Thyroid hormone hormone type

amine

Thyroid hormone function

increses internal heat and stimulates metabolic activity of cells

Calcitonin hormone type

peptide

Calcitonin function

inhibits the breakdown of bone to lower blood Ca2+ (calcium)

Parathyroid gland location

within thyroid

Parathyroid gland hormone

parathyroid hormone (PTH)

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) hormone type

peptide

Parathyroid hormone (PTH) function

increases the breakdown of bone and increses Ca2+ absorption in the digestive tract to increase blood Ca2+

Adrenal glands locations

hats on top of kidneys

Adrenal gland hormones

Corticosteroids

Corticosteroids hormone type

steroids

Corticosteroids types

Glucocorticoids and mineralocorticoids

Glucocorticoids also known as

cortisol

Glucocorticoids function

increase synthesis of glucose, reduce inflimation

Mineralocorticoids also known as

aldosterone

Mineralocorticoids function

increase excretion of K+

Adrenal medulla glands hormones

catecholamines

Catecholamines hormone type

amines

Catecholamines types

epinephrine and norepinephrine

Epinephrine and norepinephrine functions

increase mobilization of energy sources and increase heart rate

Pancreas hormones

insulin and glucagon

Insulin hormone type

peptide

Insulin function

lowers blood glucose

Glucagon hormone type

peptide

Glucagon function

maintains blood glucose