Studied by 20 people
Error Bars
Graphical representation showing data variability, depicting standard deviation from the mean.
Mean
Mathematical average of a set of numbers, indicating central tendency.
Standard Deviation
Measure of data dispersion around the mean, showing data spread.
Coefficient Variation
Ratio of standard deviation to mean expressed as a percentage.
Two-Tailed T Test
Statistical method testing if a sample is greater or less than a range of values.
Paired T Test
Statistical procedure comparing mean differences between two sets of observations.
Unpaired T-Test
Statistical method comparing means of two independent groups for significant differences.
Probability
Likelihood of statistically significant differences between two data sets.
Correlation
Relationship between two variables, positive or negative, not implying causation.
Specificity
Test targeting the most relevant fitness component for a specific activity or sport.
Accuracy
Closeness of test results to true fitness level.
Reliability
Consistency of test results under similar conditions.
Validity
Ensuring a test measures what it's supposed to in the context of fitness.
Control Groups
Used to compare with experimental groups in causal hypothesis tests.
Placebos
Given to participants to maintain blinding in experiments.
Blinding
Staff unaware of treatment allocation to minimize bias.
Double-Blinding
Neither evaluator nor participant knows control items in a test.
Statistical Analysis
Collection and interpretation of data to identify patterns and trends.
PAR-Q
Physical Activity Readiness Questionnaire assessing readiness for physical activities.
Field Tests
Conducted in real-world settings, reflecting specific sport demands.
Laboratory Tests
Performed in controlled environments with specialized equipment for accurate data.
Sub-maximal Tests
Push participants to a challenging yet sustainable level, stopping before exhaustion.
Maximal Tests
Require participants to exert to exhaustion, measuring peak performance.
Health-Related Fitness
Factors determining the ability to meet physical demands for overall health.
Skill-Related Fitness
Factors determining successful performance of specific skills.
Fitness Tests
Assessments for health-related and skill-related components of fitness.
Multistage Fitness Test
Running test estimating VO2 max validity in healthy individuals.
Cooper Run
Test estimating VO2 max by running or walking the farthest in 12 minutes.
Harvard Step Test
Step test estimating aerobic fitness based on heart rate recovery.
General Training Program
Includes warm-up, cool down, and recreational activities for overall fitness.
Proprioceptive Neuromuscular Facilitation (PNF)
Stretching method involving muscle contraction after stretching.
Karvonen Method
A method that calculates training heart rate by considering the difference between resting heart rate and maximal heart rate, using a percentage of heart rate reserve.
Exercise Intensity
The level of stress achieved during an exercise session, often expressed as a percentage of maximal aerobic capacity or peak oxygen consumption.
V·O2max
Maximal aerobic capacity, the maximum rate of oxygen consumption during intense exercise.
V·O2 Reserve
The difference between V·O2max and resting oxygen consumption, used to determine exercise intensity.
Perceived Exertion
Subjective assessment of how hard an individual feels they are working during exercise, influenced by factors like heart rate, breathing rate, and muscle fatigue.
Percent VO2 reserve
the difference between V·O2max and resting oxygen consumption
Double-Blind Experiment
an experiment in which neither the participants nor the experimenters know who has been given the placebo
Static Stretching
stretching exercises that are performed without movement
Active Stretching
slow stretching in which flexibility is achieved without assistance. The contraction of the opposing muscles helps to relax the stretched muscles
Passive Stretching
a slow stretching in which flexibility is achieved with a partner or apparatus to further stretch the muscles and joints
Progression
gradually increasing the amount of exercise.
Overload
frequency, intensity, and duration; FITT principles.
Specificity
The process of replicating the characteristics of physical activity in training to ensure its beneficial performance
Reversibility
How long it takes to lose base fitness
Variety
Providing different activities, formats, and drills in training while still addressing the aims of the training program. Also helps decrease boredom.
Periodization
A structured, organized approach to training.
Key Principles of Training Program Design (6)
Progression
Overload
Specificity
Reversibility
Variety
Periodization
Aerobic capacity
the ability to provide and sustain energy aerobically.
Flexibility
the range of movement at a joint
Local Muscle Endurance
the ability of a particular muscle group to keep working at the derided level of effort for as long as the situation demands
Strength
the maximum force that can be developed in a muscle or group of muscles in a single maximal contraction
Agility
the ability to move and change direction and position of the body quickly and effectively while under control
Speed
the ability to put the body parts into motion quickly, or the maximum rate that a person can move over a specific distance
Balance
the maintenance of the center of mass over a base of support while the body is static or dynamic
Coordination
the interaction between motor and nervous systems; the ability to perform motor tasks accurately and effectively
Power
a powerful movement achieved as quickly as possible; the combination of strength and speed
Reaction Time
the time taken to initiate a response to a given stimulus
Body Composition
quantifying the different components of a human body. The selection of compartments varies by model but may include fat, bone, water, and muscle
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