TEAS ANATOMY

systematic breakdown of structures of the human body is called the

biological hierarchy

biological hierarchy goes from __________ to ________-

smallest to largest

order of the biological hierarchy ( place 5 of the parts in order )

cell, tissue, organ, organ systems, organism

smallest unit or biological heirarchy, self replicating, structural and functional units of the body that perform many jobs

cells

structural and functional unit of the body

cells

cells are made up of smaller units called _________

organelles

parts of cells include _______, _________, ________, _________

organelles, membranes, cytoplasm, nuclei

cells that perform similar functions are called

tissues

there are ____ kinds of tissues

4

bones, ligaments, cartilage are what kind of ________

connective tissue

support, seperate, or connect the body’s organ tissues

role of connective tissue

________ tissue contains contractile units that pull on ______ tissues

muscular , connective

thin layers of cells that line blood vessels, body cavities, and some organs

epithelial tissue

epithelial tissues often line what

blood vessels, some organs, body cavities

job of epithelial tissue

protection

nervous tissue makes up what nervous system

peripheral

this tissue makes up our peripheral nervous system

nervous tissue

job of neural tissue

transmit signals throughout the body

3rd largest structure in biological hierarchy

organs

collection of tissues throughout the body that share similar function

organs

GROUP of organs that work together to perform similar function

organ systems

TOTAL collection of all parts of biological hierarchy working together to form a living being

organism

largest structure in b.h

organism

what is 1?

right

what is 2?

left

what is 3?

distal

what is 4?

proximal

what is 5?

distal

what is 6

proximal

what is 7

superior

what is 8

inferior

what is the blue line going down the body?

midline

what is 9?

anterior or ventral

what is 10

posterior or dorsal

what is 11?

superior

what is 12?

inferior

what is 13?

proximal

what is 14?

distal

the wrist is located where relative to the elbow?

distal

which of the following directional terms best describes the position of the heart in relation to the rib cage?

deep

when the human body is in standard anatomical position, how are the thumbs oriented relative to the pinky fingers?

lateral

the sternum (breastbone) is _______ to the spine.

anterior

which of the following terms means "further away from the point of attachment to the body trunk"?

distal

toward the front of the body

anterior

_____ means below or toward the bottom of the body, while ______ means further away from a certain origin or the trunk of the body

inferior, distal

________ means closer to the trunk of the body or point of attachment and ______ means higher up or closer to the head

proximal, superior

how the internal structure of the body is organized

cavities

there are _____ main cavities in our bodies

2

the two main cavities in our bodies are the _______ cavity and the ________ cavity

dorsal, ventral

the dorsal cavity is further divided into the ______ and the ______ cavities

cranial and spinal

the ______ cavity holds the brain

cranial

the ________ cavity surrounds the spinal cord

spinal

the two “subsections” of the dorsal cavity are _________ and lined by _________

continuous, meninges

what flows between the spinal cavity and the cranial cavity

cerebrospinal fluid

continuous in the case of the spinal cavity and the cranial cavity means:

there is no membrane seperating the two cavities

the ________ are a ____ layer membrane that protects both the brain and spinal cord

meninges, 3

most of the body organs in the human body are in what cavity

ventral

the ventral cavity has how many “sub” cavities

3

the ______ cavity holds the ____ and the lungs

thoracic, heart

the _________ cavity holds the digestive organs, including the stomach, as well as urinary organs, and appendix

abdominal

the ________ cavity holds the bladder, and _______ organs

pelvic, reproductive

what two cavities are lined by the peritoneum

abdominal and pelvic

the peritoneum and the meninges are both examples of what

membranes

the human body is divided into _____ imaginary planes

3

the __________ plane divides the body in half, making a top half and a bottom half

transverse

the transverse plane splits the body in half at the _____

waist

the _________ plane divides the body into a front half, and back half

frontal

another name for the frontal plane is the _______ plane

coronal

the _______ plane divides the body into a right half and a left half

sagital

another name for the spinal cavity is the _______

vertebral cavity

label

1)

2)

3)

4) (supposed to be at the line below it)

5)

6)

dorsal cavity, cranial cavity, vertebral/ spinal cavity, thoracic cavity, abdominal cavity, pelvic cavity

label

1)

2)

3)

coronal/ frontal plane, transverse plane, saggital plane

the _______ is the muscular wall dividing the heart into left and right sides, keeping oxygenated and deoxygenated blood from mixing.

septum

Which blood vessels carry deoxygenated blood, as an exception to the general rule that veins carry oxygenated blood?

pulmonary arteries

what is the job of the cardiovascular system

circulate blood

nutrients, waste, hormones are what are carried in blood because they are dissolved and suspended in _______

liquid plasma

the two components of blood are ___________ and ___________

white blood cells, red blood cells

these types of blood cells fight infections in the body

white blood cells

these blood cells transport oxygen

red blood cells

red blood cells carry what important protien

hemoglobin

large molecule that includes iron atoms

hemoglobin

the _________ of hemoglobin bond to ________

iron, oxygen

blood is circulated to what muscular organ in the body

heart

the human heart has ___ chambers

4

in the heart, __________ prevent backflow of blood once blood passes through the chamber

valves

there are ____ heart valves which are:

4, tricusped, pulmonary, mitral valve, aortic valve

this valve seperates the right atrium from the right ventricle

tricusped valve

this valve separates the left atrium from the left ventricle

mitral valve

this valve connects the right ventricle to the pulmonary artery

pulmonary valve

the ___________ valve allows ______ blood to flow to the lungs through the pulmonary artery

pulmonary valve, deoxygenated

this valve connects the left ventricle to the aorta

aortic valve

the _________ valve regulates the flow of ________ blood to the body

aortic, oxygenated

the pumping action of the heart is regulated by 2 ______ that are __________

nodes, neurological

what is the role of SA node in the heart’s electrical conduction system

acts as the pacemaker for the heart

which component of the heart’s electrical system recieves impulses from the SA node and delays those signals before passing them on to the other ventricles

AV node

outermost protective layer of the heart that contains a lubricative liquid

pericardium

deepest layer of the pericardium that envelops the actual cardiac muscle

epicardium

innermost smooth layer of the heart walls

endocardium

blood vessels _______ in diameter as they get further and further away from the heart and closer to _______ and organs

decrease, tissues