ASE205 Phppc Test 2 Flashcards

Flashcards covering pharmacy practice topics including contraceptives, pregnancy testing, nutrition, nutraceuticals, contact lenses, and ostomy care.

Male Condoms

Barrier contraceptives made of latex, polyurethane, or lamb cecum designed to prevent pregnancy and the transmission of STIs; they have an effectiveness rate of $85-95\%$ when used correctly.

Lamb cecum condoms

A type of male condom effective only for the prevention of pregnancy; unlike latex and polyurethane, they do not provide an adequate barrier against viral or bacterial infections.

Femidoms

Female condoms consisting of a lubricated polyurethane tube, approximately $6.5\,inches$ in length, with a flexible inner ring for insertion and an outer ring that fits over the vaginal mucosa.

Diaphragm / Cervical Cap

Flexible, cup-shaped rubber devices placed in the vagina to cover the cervix that act as a mechanical barrier, absorb semen, and provide spermicide, requiring professional fitting by a doctor or nurse.

Contraceptive Sponge

A circular, disposable polyurethane device permeated with the spermicide nonoxynol-9 that acts as a mechanical barrier and absorbs semen.

Spermicides

Chemical agents such as nonoxynol-9, octoxynol-9, and menfegol designed to immobilize or kill sperm, often used in conjunction with barrier methods.

Calendar (Rhythm) Method

A natural contraceptive method identifying fertile windows by subtracting $18\,days$ from the shortest cycle and $11\,days$ from the longest cycle to find the fertile period.

Basal Body Temperature (BBT) Method

A method tracking daily body temperature to detect ovulation, marked by a sharp rise of at least $0.2^{\circ}C$ over a $24-48\,hour$ period known as a thermal shift.

Cervical Mucus Method

A strategy involving daily charting of mucus; fertile periods are characterized by clear, stretchy mucus similar to raw egg white, occurring due to increased estrogen.

Human Chorionic Gonadotropin (hCG)

The hormone produced by the trophoblast of the fertilized ovum, peaking between the $6^{th}$ and $8^{th}$ week of pregnancy, and serving as the basis for pregnancy tests.

Sandwich Assay

A mechanism used in home pregnancy tests where urinary $hCG$ forms a complex with monoclonal or polyclonal antibodies trapped between a solid surface and an enzyme-linked antibody.

Infertility

The medical inability to conceive after $1\,year$ of unsuccessful attempts in women under $35\,years$ old, or after $6\,months$ in women over $35\,years$ old.

Vaginal Douching

The process of rinsing or cleaning the vagina by forcing water or chemical solutions into the cavity, which can disrupt natural flora and increase the risk of Pelvic Inflammatory Disease (PID).

Pre-Menstrual Syndrome (PMS)

A cyclic disorder of physical and emotional changes occurring during the luteal phase, believed to be linked to fluctuations in estrogen and progesterone that decrease serotonin levels.

Premenstrual Dysphoric Disorder (PMDD)

A severe form of PMS that significantly disrupts a woman's life and relationships.

Enteral Nutrition

Delivery of liquid nutrients through a tube directly into the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) for patients who cannot orally ingest enough nutrients but have a functional GIT.

French Unit ($Fr$)

A unit used to measure the size of feeding tubes, where $1\,French\,Unit = 0.33\,mm$.

PULMOCARE

A disease-specific polymeric feed designed for respiratory failure or COPD, featuring a low carbohydrate-to-fat ratio to reduce carbon dioxide production.

NEPRO / SUPLENA

Enteral feeds for renal patients featuring modified high-quality protein and low electrolyte content ($Potassium$, $Sodium$, $Phosphorus$).

GLUCERNA

A low-carbohydrate polymeric formulation designed for diabetic patients with an energy density of $1\,kcal/mL$.

Elemental Feeds

Feed products for patients with impaired digestion or malabsorption, containing peptides and free amino acids requiring minimal digestion.

Fetal Alcohol Syndrome (FAS)

The irreversible physical and mental retardation caused by alcohol consumption during pregnancy.

Sarcopenia

Muscle wasting that occurs in the elderly, making protein an essential part of their nutrition.

Coenzyme Q10 (Ubiquinone)

A lipid-soluble micronutrient essential for ATP production in cells and antioxidant protection for the myocardium.

Ginkgo Biloba

An herbal extract used to enhance memory and microcirculation, containing flavonoid glycosides and terpenoids, but potentially increasing bleeding risk.

St John’s Wort

An herbal treatment for depression that inhibits serotonin reuptake and acts as a potent inducer of the $CYP450$ enzyme.

Glucosamine / Chondroitin

Nutraceuticals used for joint health; Glucosamine is an amino sugar precursor for cartilage, and Chondroitin is a building block that absorbs fluid into connective tissue.

Rigid Gas-Permeable (RGP) Lenses

Inflexible contact lenses made with silicone for oxygen permeability, having a water content of less than $10\%$.

Enzymatic Cleaners

Contact lens care products used weekly to hydrolyze polypeptide bonds and remove protein deposits.

Ostomy

A surgical opening through the abdominal wall for waste elimination, creating a stoma.

Ileostomy

A surgically created opening from the ileum (small intestine) that typically produces dark green liquid to semisoft discharge.

Convex Base Plate

An ostomy appliance base plate used for stomas that protrude less than $1\,inch$, helping to push the stoma out to prevent leaks.