Biol320 Lab 6

These flashcards cover key terms and concepts related to the digestive and respiratory systems discussed in the lecture.

Digestive System

A system responsible for the breakdown of food, absorption of nutrients, and elimination of waste.

Respiratory System

The system responsible for the exchange of gases (oxygen and carbon dioxide) between the body and the environment.

Duodenum

The first section of the small intestine where secretions from the liver, gallbladder, and pancreas aid in digestion.

Peristalsis

Involuntary muscle contractions that move food through the alimentary canal.

Chyme

A semi-fluid mass of partly digested food that moves from the stomach to the small intestine.

Salivary Amylase

An enzyme in saliva that begins the digestion of carbohydrates.

Hydrolytic Enzymes

Enzymes that help break down complex molecules into simpler ones for absorption.

Villi

Finger-like projections in the small intestine that increase the surface area for absorption.

Mucosa

The innermost layer of the digestive tract, folded and containing villi for absorption.

Liver

An organ that processes nutrients from the digestive tract, produces bile, and plays a role in metabolism.

Insulin

A hormone produced by the pancreas that regulates blood glucose levels.

Epiglottis

A flap of cartilage that covers the trachea during swallowing to prevent food from entering the airway.

Cecum

The pouch where the large intestine begins and connects to the small intestine.

Gallbladder

An organ that stores bile produced by the liver and releases it into the small intestine.

Protease Enzymes

Enzymes that break down proteins into amino acids.

Bile

A digestive fluid produced by the liver that helps emulsify fats.

Hemoglobin

A protein in red blood cells that carries oxygen.

Cardiac Notch

An indentation in the left lung that accommodates the heart.

Alimentary Canal

The continuous tube that runs from the mouth to the anus where digestion and absorption occur.