NSAIDs

This set of flashcards focuses on vocabulary related to Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs (NSAIDs), including their mechanisms of action, effects, uses, and potential side effects.

NSAIDs

Non-Steroidal Anti-Inflammatory Drugs used to reduce inflammation and pain.

Analgesic

A drug that relieves pain.

Anti-inflammatory

A drug that reduces inflammation.

Antipyretic

A substance that reduces fever.

COX-1

Cyclooxygenase-1, an enzyme involved in the formation of prostanoids from arachidonic acid.

COX-2

Cyclooxygenase-2, an enzyme that is induced during inflammation.

Aspirin

A non-selective COX inhibitor commonly used as an analgesic and anti-inflammatory.

Thromboxane A2 (TXA2)

A prostaglandin involved in platelet aggregation and vasoconstriction.

Prostaglandins

Lipids that perform several functions, including mediating inflammation.

Glucocorticoids

Steroid hormones that regulate various processes including immune response and inflammation.

Eicosanoids

Biologically active lipids derived from arachidonic acid that include prostaglandins and leukotrienes.

Leukotrienes

Inflammatory mediators derived from arachidonic acid that are involved in allergic reactions and asthma.

Prostacyclin (PGI2)

A prostaglandin that inhibits platelet aggregation and causes vasodilation.

Endogenous pyrogens

Substances produced by the body that induce fever.

N-acetyl-p-benzo-quinone imine (NAPQI)

A toxic metabolite of acetaminophen that can cause liver damage.

Reye's syndrome

A rare but serious condition that can occur in children following viral infection and aspirin use.

Salicylism

A syndrome associated with toxicity from salicylic acid, marked by symptoms such as tinnitus and vertigo.

Chronic pain

Pain that persists over a long period of time, often requiring long-term medication.

Acetaminophen

A widely used analgesic also known as paracetamol.

Gout

A form of arthritis characterized by severe pain and swelling in joints, often linked to uric acid levels.

Migraine

A severe, often debilitating headache that can be accompanied by nausea and sensitivity to light.

Dysmenorrhea

Painful menstruation, often treated with NSAIDs.

Rheumatic diseases

A variety of conditions affecting joints and connective tissues.

Platelet aggregation

The clumping together of platelets in the blood.

Renal insufficiency

A condition in which the kidneys fail to adequately filter waste.

Severe adverse effects

Serious undesirable effects that occur in response to a medication.

Hypertension

Persistent high blood pressure.

Fibrosis

The thickening and scarring of connective tissue, often as a result of injury.

Vasodilation

The widening of blood vessels.

Efficacy

The ability to produce a desired or intended result.

Potency

The strength of a drug in producing a desired effect.

Biotransformation

The chemical modification made by an organism on a chemical compound.

Pharmacokinetics

The study of how drugs are absorbed, distributed, metabolized, and excreted in the body.

Cytokines

Small proteins that are important in cell signaling during immune responses.

Neutrophil infiltration

The accumulation of neutrophils (a type of white blood cell) in response to inflammation.

Hepatotoxicity

Chemical-driven liver damage.

Excitatory mediators

Substances that increase the likelihood of neurons firing.

Adverse effects

Any undesired actions or outcomes of a drug.

Endothelial cells

Cells lining blood vessels that play a role in vascular health.

Arachidonic acid

A fatty acid that is a precursor to various signaling molecules.

Acetic acid derivatives

A class of NSAIDs that includes drugs like indomethacin.

Pyrazolone derivatives

A class of non-opioid analgesics including metamizole.

Proprionic acid derivatives

A category of NSAIDs that includes ibuprofen.

Acid-sensing ion channels

Ionic channels that mediate the sensation of pain.

Hypothalamus

The brain region that regulates body temperature.

Acetylation

The introduction of an acetyl group into a molecule.

Serotonin

A neurotransmitter that has various functions including the regulation of mood and pain.

Drug metabolism

The biochemical modification of pharmaceutical substances.

Myocardial infarction

A medical term for a heart attack.

Risk factors

Conditions or behaviors that increase the likelihood of developing a disease.

Clinical use

The application of a drug for therapeutic purposes.