acids, bases and salts

An acid…
(H+ ions)

donates protons

A base…
(via lone pair)

accepts protons

An alkali is a…

base that dissolves in water to release OH- ions

Acid + metal =

salt + hydrogen

Acid + metal oxide =

salt + water

Acid + metal hydroxide =

salt + water

Acid + metal carbonate =

salt + water + carbon dioxide

Acid + ammonia =

ammonium salt

Sulfuric acid:
chemical formula:
salt name suffix:

H2SO4, sulfate

Hydrochloric acid:
chemical formula:
salt name suffix:

HCl, chloride

Nitric acid:
chemical formula:
salt name suffix:

HNO3, nitrate

Ethanoic acid:
chemical formula:
salt name suffix:

CH3COOH, ethanoate

NH₃ as a base/alkaline:
NH₃ + HCl = NH₄Cl
Write this in a word equation:

ammonium + hydrochloric acid = ammonium chloride

Strong acids…

fully dissociate in water, producing max H+ ions

Weak acids…

do not fully dissociate in water

Dilute means…

low concentration of H+ ions, acid molecules mixed with a lot of water

Concentrated means…

high concentration of H+ ions, acid molecules mixed with little to no water

HCl is an.. so it…

acid, donates H+

HNO₃ is an… so it…

acid, donates H+

NaOH is a…, so it…

base, accepts H+

NH₃ is a… so it…

base, accepts H+

Acid + alkali = salt + water
write ion equation:

H+ + OH- = H2O

Hydroxide OH-…

neutralises H+ proton

The stronger the acid, the…

lower pH, more H+ ions