AP Bio Chapter 2.10: Cell Compartmentalization

What characteristic do eukaryotic cells have that allows for compartmentalization?

Eukaryotic cells have additional internal membranes and membrane-bound organelles.

What is the function of cellular compartments within eukaryotic cells?

Cellular compartments allow for various metabolic processes and specific enzymatic reactions to occur simultaneously.

Fill in the blank: The plasma membrane allows cells to establish and maintain __________ environments.

internal

What is the pH environment that lysosomal hydrolytic enzymes function best in?

Acidic environment.

Fill in the blank: The inner mitochondrial membrane is involved in __________ synthesis.

ATP

What do thylakoids in chloroplasts do?

They are highly folded membrane compartments that increase the efficiency of the light-dependent reactions.

Fill in the blank: Compartmentalization in cells minimizes __________ interactions.

competing

Vocabulary: What is Compartmentalization in the context of cells?

The presence of membrane-bound organelles that allow specific environments and reactions to occur in a eukaryotic cell.

What major advantage does folding of the mitochondrial membrane provide?

Maximizes surface area for metabolic reactions.

Fill in the blank: Loss of intracellular compartments can hinder __________ cell function.

proper

Why is the internal membrane of a lysosome important?

It maintains a more acidic pH for efficient hydrolysis and keeps the surrounding cytoplasm neutral.

Vocabulary: What is a lysosome?

A membrane-bound organelle containing hydrolytic enzymes that function optimally in an acidic environment.

What role do internal membranes play in cellular processes?

They facilitate processes by increasing surface areas where reactions can occur.

Fill in the blank: Eukaryotic cells contain various membrane-bound organelles including the ER, Golgi complex, and __________.

chloroplasts.

What process occurs on the inner mitochondrial membrane?

Electron transport and ATP synthesis.

Fill in the blank: Chloroplasts have folded membranes called __________ that are important for photosynthesis.

thylakoids.

What is the primary benefit of compartmentalization in eukaryotic cells?

It increases the efficiency of cellular function.

Vocabulary: What is the Golgi complex?

An organelle involved in modifying, sorting, and packaging proteins and lipids for transport.

What happens if there are changes to the internal surfaces of organelles in a cell?

It may hinder proper cell function.

Fill in the blank: The folding of the inner mitochondrial membrane increases the surface area for __________ to be made.

ATP.