Evidence of Evolution

Evolution is a change in the traits of a population over __.

time

When evolution happens in a single species, it is called __.

microevolution

Evolution that happens over a long period of time, leading to new species, is called __.

macroevolution

Bacteria becoming antibiotic resistant is an example of __.

microevolution

Natural selection involves the change in __ frequency over time.

allele

The underlying genotype is indirectly selected for due to the __ resulting from it.

phenotype

Darwin sailed aboard the __, which revolutionized scientific understanding.

H.M.S. Beagle

Malthus believed that populations increased in size until checked by the __.

environment

Cuvier proposed the idea of extinction through __.

catastrophes

Darwin's theory of evolution was largely supported by __ from his observations.

data

Artificial selection involves breeding individuals with __ traits.

desirable

The first convincing case for evolution was presented in Darwin's book __ in 1859.

The Origin of Species

The mechanism for adaptation, proposed by Darwin, is called __.

natural selection

Overproduction refers to more individuals being born than can __.

survive

The study of plant and animal distribution is known as __.

biogeography

Fossils form best in __ rock.

sedimentary

Transitional fossils provide important links in the fossil record and show how __ evolved.

lineages

Many organisms have __ organs that no longer perform the same function as in their ancestors.

vestigial

The similarities in structure, indicating common ancestry, are called __ structures.

homologous

_ structures are those with the same function but different origins.

Analogous

The ___ Genetic Code refers to the universal genetic instructions shared by all life.

universal

The DNA of mammals shows significant __ between different groups.

differences

The variation seen in finches on the Galápagos Islands illustrates __ selection.

natural

Darwin developed his theory based on the observation of __ on the mainland and on the islands.

adaptations

Darwin's ideas were influenced by __ who believed in 'inheritance of acquired characteristics.'

Lamarck

In evolution, a __ is the basic unit that can change through time.

population

Natural selection can be described as __ reproductive success.

differential

The presence of a vestigial organ indicates a __ function in ancestral forms.

previous

Artificial selection has resulted in a dramatic range of __ changes in crops and animals.

phenotypic

The study of __ provides evidence for evolutionary relationships through comparisons of DNA and proteins.

molecular biology

Natural selection occurs as the best-suited variants leave more __.

offspring

The concept of __ evolution involves organisms evolving from a common ancestor but adapting to different environments.

divergent

The idea of __ is when unrelated species develop similar features due to adaptations to similar environments.

convergent evolution

Evidence for evolution comes from various sources, including __ anatomy and comparative paleontology.

comparative

Key principles of natural selection include overproduction, __, and competition.

variation

The fossil record helps determine the __ age of fossils based on their geological layer.

relative

DNA sequencing can show how closely related different species are by comparing __.

genetic material

Overproduction leads to a __ for resources, affecting survival rates.

competition

The phenomenon where organisms pass on traits acquired during their lifetime was proposed by __.

Lamarck

Homologous structures suggest a __ ancestry among different species.

common

Vestigial organs in whales are remnants of __ limbs.

hindlimb

Transitional fossils are crucial for understanding __ evolution.

lineage

Darwin's concept of the 'survival of the fittest' signifies that __ can affect reproductive success.

adaptations