Ch 9 - Articulations

Articulation

A joint where two or more bones meet

Fibrous Joint

Joint where bones are connected by fibrous connective tissue with no joint cavity

Cartilaginous Joint

Joint with a section of cartilage between bone ends with no joint cavity

Synovial Joint

Joint where bone ends are covered with articular cartilage and separated by a joint cavity containing synovial fluid

Suture

Immobile fibrous joint connecting skull bones

Suture

Gomphosis

Peg-in-socket fibrous joint, such as a tooth held in jaw by periodontal ligaments

Gomphosis

Syndesmosis

Fibrous joint where bones are connected by long strands of dense regular connective tissue

Syndesmosis

Synchondrosis

Cartilaginous joint with hyaline cartilage between bones, immobile

Synchondrosis

Symphysis

Cartilaginous joint with a pad of fibrocartilage between articulating bones

Symphysis

Synarthrosis

Functionally classified joint with no movement

Amphiarthrosis

Functionally classified joint with little movement

Diarthrosis

Functionally classified joint with free movement

Articular Capsule

Double-layered capsule surrounding synovial joints

Articular Capsule

Fibrous Layer

Outer layer of articular capsule composed of dense regular connective tissue

Synovial Membrane

Inner layer of articular capsule composed of areolar connective tissue

Joint Cavity

Space containing synovial fluid within synovial joints

Joint Cavity

Articular Cartilage

Layer of hyaline cartilage covering articulating bone surfaces

Synovial Fluid

Lubricating fluid within joint cavity that reduces friction and provides nutrients

Bursa

Fluid-filled sac that reduces friction between moving structures

Bursa

Tendon Sheath

Elongated bursa that wraps around tendons to reduce friction

Tendon Sheath

Meniscus

C-shaped fibrocartilage pad that cushions and stabilizes joints

Plane Joint

Synovial joint with flat articular surfaces allowing gliding movement

Plane Joint

Hinge Joint

Uniaxial synovial joint allowing flexion and extension

Hinge Joint

Pivot Joint

Uniaxial synovial joint allowing rotation around longitudinal axis

Pivot Joint

Condylar Joint

Biaxial synovial joint with oval articular surfaces

Condylar Joint

Saddle Joint

Biaxial synovial joint with concave and convex articular surfaces

Saddle Joint

Ball-and-Socket Joint

Multiaxial synovial joint allowing movement in multiple planes

Ball-and-Socket Joint

Flexion

Movement that decreases the angle between articulating bones

Flexion

Extension

Movement that increases the angle between articulating bones

Extension

Hyperextension

Extension beyond the joint's normal range of motion

Lateral Flexion

Bending of the vertebral column laterally along the coronal plane

Lateral Flexion

Abduction

Lateral movement of a body part away from the midline

Abduction

Adduction

Medial movement of a body part toward the midline

Adduction

Circumduction

Continuous movement combining flexion, abduction, extension, and adduction in succession

Circumduction

Pronation

Rotation of the forearm where the palm faces posteriorly

Pronation

Supination

Rotation of the forearm where the palm faces anteriorly

Supination

Medial Rotation

Internal rotation turning the anterior surface medially

Medial Rotation

Lateral Rotation

External rotation turning the anterior surface laterally

Lateral Rotation

Depression

Movement of a body part inferiorly

Depression

Elevation

Movement of a body part superiorly

Elevation

Dorsiflexion

Ankle movement bringing the dorsum of the foot closer to the anterior leg surface

Dorsiflexion

Plantar Flexion

Ankle movement pointing the sole toward the posterior leg surface

Plantar Flexion

Inversion

Twisting motion of the foot turning the sole medially inward

Inversion

Eversion

Twisting motion of the foot turning the sole laterally outward

Eversion

Protraction

Anterior movement of a body part from anatomic position

Protraction

Retraction

Posterior movement of a body part from anatomic position

Retraction

Opposition

Special thumb movement across the palm toward fingers for grasping

Opposition

Intervertebral Disc

Fibrocartilaginous pad between vertebral bodies

Nucleus Pulposus

Soft gel-like center of intervertebral disc

Nucleus Pulposus

Anulus Fibrosus

Tough outer ring of intervertebral disc

Anulus Fibrosus

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Ligament connecting vertebral bodies anteriorly

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Ligament connecting vertebral bodies posteriorly

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

Ligamentum Flavum

Ligament connecting laminae together

Ligamentum Flavum

Supraspinous Ligament

Ligament connecting spinous processes

Supraspinous Ligament

Interspinous Ligament

Ligament between spinous processes

Interspinous Ligament

Herniated Disc

Condition where nucleus pulposus extrudes through anulus fibrosus

Acromioclavicular Joint

Synovial plane joint between acromion and clavicle

Acromioclavicular Joint