________ is multiple fission; the nucleus undergoes multiple divisions before the cell divides.
2
New cards
T vaginalis
Like some other flagellates, ________ has an undulating membrane, which consists of a membrane bordered by a flagellum.
3
New cards
chlamydoconidium
A(n) ________ is a thick- walled spore formed by rounding and enlargement within a hyphal segment.
4
New cards
lichen
A(n) ________ is a combination of a green alga (or a cyanobacterium) and a fungus.
5
New cards
diploid zygote
The (+) and-) (nuclei fuse to form a(n) ________ nucleus.
6
New cards
Arthropods
________ that carry pathogenic microorganisms are called vectors.
7
New cards
Yeasts
________ are nonfilamentous, unicellular fungi that are typically spherical or oval.
8
New cards
amebae move
The ________ by extending blunt, lobelike projections of the cytoplasm called pseudopods.
9
New cards
lichens thallus
The ________, or body, forms when fungal hyphae grow around algal cells to become the medulla.
10
New cards
Dinoflagellates
________ are unicellular algae collectively called plankton, or free- floating organisms.
11
New cards
protozoa
Some ________ produce gametes (gametocytes), which are haploid sex cells.
12
New cards
Eugle
________- noids have a semirigid plasma membrane called a pellicle, and they move by means of a flagellum at the anterior end.
13
New cards
Thalli
________ of the larger multicellular algae, those commonly called seaweeds, consist of branched holdfasts (which anchor the alga to a rock), stem- like and often hollow stipes, and leaflike blades.
14
New cards
small particulate
The feeding and growing stage, or trophozoite, feeds upon bacteria and ________ nutrients.
15
New cards
Euglenoids
________ are photoautotrophs.
16
New cards
zygospore
A(n) ________ is a large spore enclosed in a thick wall.
17
New cards
tachyzoites
The trophozoites, called ________, reproduce sexually and asexually in an infected cat, and oocysts, each containing eight sporozoites, are excreted with feces.
18
New cards
diploid nucleus
The ________ gives rise to haploid nuclei (sexual spores), some of which may be genetic recombinants.
19
New cards
Adult helminths
________ may also be monoecious, or hermaphroditic- one animal has both male and female reproductive organs.
20
New cards
Conidia
________ formed by the fragmentation of a septate hypha into single, slightly thick- ened cells are called arthroconidia.
21
New cards
Males
________ are smaller than females and have one or two hardened spicules on their posterior ends.
22
New cards
Seasonal changes
________ in nutrients, light, and temperature cause fluctuations in algal populations; periodic increases in numbers of planktonic algae are called algal blooms.
23
New cards
ciguatera
A disease called ________ occurs when the dinoflagellate Gambierdiscus toxicus (GAM- be ̄- er- dis- kus TOKS- i- kus) passes up the food chain and is concentrated in large fish.
24
New cards
Fungus
________ are important in the food chain because they decompose dead plant matter, thereby recycling vital elements.
25
New cards
Fungal hyphae
________ also form a cortex, or protective covering, over the algal layer and sometimes under it as well.
26
New cards
Paramecium
The ciliates, such as ________, reproduce sexually by conjugation, which is very different from the bacterial process of the same name.
27
New cards
Spicules
________ are used to guide sperm to the females genital pore.
28
New cards
blood parasites
The hemoflagellates (________) are transmitted by the bites of blood- feeding insects and are found in the circulatory system of the bitten host.
29
New cards
plasmodial slime mold
A(n) ________ exists as a mass of protoplasm with many nuclei (it is multinucleated)
30
New cards
Any fungal infection
________ is called a mycosis.
31
New cards
Fission yeasts
________, such as Schizosaccharomyces, divide evenly to produce two new cells.
32
New cards
Slime molds
________ are closely related to amebae and are placed in the phylum Amoebozoa.
33
New cards
Helminths
________ are multicellular eukaryotic animals that gener- ally possess digestive, circulatory, nervous, excretory, and reproductive systems.
34
New cards
Fungi
________ that infect only the epidermis, hair, and nails are called dermatophytes, and their infections are called dermatomycoses or cutaneous mycoses.
35
New cards
Fungal hyphae project
________ below the lichen body to form rhizines, or holdfasts.
36
New cards
fungal sexual spore results
A(n) ________ from sexual repro- duction, which consists of three phases:
37
New cards
Subcutaneous mycoses
________ are fungal infections beneath the skin caused by saprophytic fungi that live in soil and on vegetation.
38
New cards
Dinoflagellates
________ in the genus Alexandrium produce neurotoxins (called saxitoxins) that cause paralytic shellfish poisoning (PSP)
39
New cards
Arthropods
________ are animals characterized by segmented bodies, hard external skeletons, and jointed legs.
40
New cards
Conidia
________ are produced in a chain at the end of a conidiophore.
41
New cards
Adult helminths
________ may be dioecious; male reproductive organs are in one individual, and female reproductive organs are in another.
42
New cards
Plasmodial slime molds
________ were first scientifically reported in 1729.
43
New cards
plasmodial slime molds
When ________ are grown in laboratories, a phenomenon called cytoplasmic streaming is observed, during which the protoplasm within the plasmodium moves and changes both its speed and direction so that the oxygen and nutrients are evenly distributed.