circulatory system (30.9.26)

Explain how red blood cells are adapted to their function.

Lots of haemoglobin to carry lots of oxygen

No nucleus to create room for haemoglobin

Biconcave disc shape to increase the surface area to absorb more oxygen by diffusion

what is the function of white blood cell ?

Defend the body against pathogens by producing antibodies, antitoxins and carrying out phagocytosis.

what is the function of red blood cell?

Contain haemoglobin to carry oxygen

what is the function of platelets ?

help blood clotting

what is the function of plasma ?

Transport substances, for example carbon dioxide, urea and glucose

Describe the function of veins and explain how their structure aids the function.

Veins carry deoxygenated blood back to the heart (apart from the pulmonary vein)

Thinner wall of muscle and elastic due to lower blood pressure

Valves to prevent backflow of blood

Describe the function of capillaries and explain how their structure aids the function.

To allow substances to diffuse from the blood to the cells and from the cells to the blood

E.g oxygen, glucose, carbon dioxide

Have one cell thick walls.

Describe the function of arteries and explain how their structure aids the function.

Carry oxygenated blood away from the heart to the tissues (apart from the pulmonary artery)

Thick walls containing muscle and elastic fibres to withstand and maintain the high blood pressure

Where is the natural pacemaker found in the heart and what is its function?

Found in the right atrium. Function-to control the natural heart rate.

where does the aorta flow to ?

main artery of the body, carries oxygenated blood to the body tissues

where does the pulmonary vein flow to ?

carries oxygenated blood back to the heart from the lungs

where does the pulmonary artery flow to ?

carries deoxygenated blood to the lungs

where does the vena cava flow to ?

main vein of the body, carries deoxygenated blood back to the heart

Name the arteries that supply the cardiac muscle with oxygenated blood.

Coronary arteries

Why is the muscular wall of the left ventricle thicker than the right ventricle?

To generate higher pressure to get blood around the whole body.

Blood from the right ventricle travels a shorter distance to the lungs.

Explain why the heart is called a double pump.

The right ventricle pumps deoxygenated blood to the lungs to become oxygenated

The left ventricle pumps oxygenated blood around the body

State the names of the four chambers of the heart.

Right atrium

Right ventricle

Left atrium

Left ventricle