Intro to Women's Studies Exam 2

Agnodice

he first female midwife or physician in Greece. Because it was illegal for women to practice medicine, she dressed as a man until her sex was discovered, and she was brought to trial. Because of the support of women in the community, she was acquitted and continued to practice. Her image often represents midwifery until now.

Sor Juana Ines de La Cruz

Mexican writer who joined a nunnery and wrote about love, feminism, and religion

Eleanor Roosevelt

drafts the United Nations Declaration of Human Rights. She brought attention to how women often did not have certain rights because of the way that society is structured

Rosalind Franklin

London, England. She authored the double Helix theory in Science.

Hiratsuka Raicho

She was influenced by Zen Buddhism and the writings of Ellen Key.

Ellen Key was a Swedish suffragist who advocated for child centered

education.

She founded the first all woman literary magazine in 1911. It discussed

female sexuality, chastity, and religion. Due to the Japanese authorities

persecuting her and other writers, the magazine folded in 1915

She advocated for maternity rights and assistance for women after

WW1.

In 1920, she investigated the difficult working conditions for women in textile

factories and founded the Women's Association in order to address labor

laws and harsh working conditions that discriminated against women.

In 1950, she became part of the peace movement. When the USA declared

war on Korea she travelled to the USA and declared that Japan would

remain neutral.

In 1963, she started the New Women's Association, and continued

discussing women's issues publicly until her death in 1971.

What is transitional feminism focused on?

Global South

Empowerment

People having power and control over their own lives

Decolonization

The dismantling of colonial empires. In terms of feminism, it means highlighting women's agency (power) and lived experience in previously colonized countries. You analyze a woman's experience in reference to her reality and not in reference to the colonizers or white feminism

Intersectionality

Race, class, education, sexuality, ability, age, gender, ethnicity, language, culture, and religion. Each of these identities or a combination of these may determine what resources (public spaces, education, healthcare, government spaces, property) a person has access to.

Sampat Pal (The Pink Gulabi Gang)

Builds Schools and Provide Education for boys

and girls and job training for girls. Statistically,

if girls work, they marry at a later age.

Solves local family disputes

Confronts domestic abuse

Confronts local governments about bribes,

corruption, and the lack of jobs for women

Edna Adan

Built a hospital in Somaliland to reduce infant

mortality

Trains midwives to go to parts of Somaliland

that do not have access to healthcare

Has reduced birth deaths in Somaliland.

Has reduced genital mutilation which has led to

better birth outcomes

Bunker Roy

A businessman who started the Barefoot

College to educate grandmothers to become solar

engineers.

He invites women from the Global South to do a solar

engineering course. They install and repair solar panels.

This allows women to study at night (because they are

homemakers during the day) and provides jobs.

The students will then educate the younger generation to

maintain solar panels

Rebecca Lolosoli

A village without men, Was founded in 1990

They started a jewelry company have

become self-sufficient

Are a safe-haven for woman do not want to go through genital cutting or have

experience domestic violence.

Started a school for both girls and boys

Muruganantham

Created a machine that makes cheaper pads for

women who do not have access to pads for

menstruation.

Brought the machines to villages where women learn

how to make the pads and then sell them in their

communities.

Created a way for women to work and go to school

even during their periods.

What is transnational feminism concerned with?

Climate Change and Its Effects on Countries with Less Infrastructure

The Displacement of People Because of War, Forced Migration, Natural Disasters,

and Genocide, and Political Strife

Finding spaces of empowerment to create sustainable solutions to the lack of

access to healthcare, work spaces, childcare, education, and property.

Finding ways around the lack of support from government institutions.

Participating in Community Organizing and demonstrating solidarity.

Being a bottom-up approach which means a community organizes and finds

solutions to the social problems. A top-down approach is when those in power give

aid for social problems.

Transnational Feminism Definition

An analysis of how women are creating spaces of empowerment

in their communities (usually beyond institutions) in order to make

social change.

The idea of across borders---transversing borders--while still

respecting the woman's community and culture--taking into

account the economic, government, and other institutions that

shape each woman's society.

The term focuses on the solidarity and social movements of

women in the Global South.There is a focus on a woman's lived

experience--viewing women beyond oppression.

Avoiding essentialism (the idea that people in a certain group have

attributes that are inherent to their identity). Listening to lived

experiences.

An analysis of how colonial histories and globalization

(outsourcing and the labor market) have affected women in the

Global South.

What is a top-down approach?

When those in power give aid for social problems.

What is a bottom-down approach?

Which means a community organizes and finds solutions to the social problems