Organic Chemistry - Functional Groups

alkane

R-H

(CH₃CH₃)

alkene

Functional group: double bond

alkyne

functional group: triple bond

aromatic compound

functional group: phenyl

alkyl halide

functional group: -X

(halo group)

alcohol

R-OH

functional group: -OH

(hydroxy group)

ether

R-O-R

functional group: -OR

(alkoxy group)

amine

R-NH₂ (primary amine)

R₂NH (secondary amine)

R₃N (tertiary amine)

functional group: -NH₂

(amino group)

thiol

R-SH

functional group: -SH

(mercapto group)

nitrile

A nitrile is a functional group characterized by a carbon atom triple-bonded to a nitrogen atom, typically represented as -C≡N. Nitriles are commonly found in various organic compounds and can participate in various chemical reactions.

aldehyde

functional group: C=O

(carbonyl group)

ketone

functional group: C=O

(carbonyl group)

carboxylic acid

functional group: -COOH

(carboxy group)

ester

functional group: -COOR

amide

-CONH₂ (primary amide)

-CONHR (secondary amide)

-CONR₂ (tertiary amide)

epoxide

A functional group that contains a carbonyl group (C=O) bonded to an ether oxygen. It is characterized by its role in various organic reactions and derivatives.

acid anhydride

A functional group formed by the removal of one water molecule from two carboxylic acid molecules, characterized by the structure RCO-O-COR'.