Cognitive Dissonance Theory_ Cognitive Consequences of Forced Compliance (Festinger & Carlsmith, 1959)

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10 Terms

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Cognitive Dissonance Theory

A theory that proposes that if a person publicly states a belief contrary to their private opinion, they may change their opinion to align with their actions.

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Dissonance (D)

The sum of all dissonances in the context of cognitive dissonance theory, representing a conflict between a person's beliefs and actions.

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Consonance (C)

The sum of all consonances which indicates agreement or harmony between beliefs and actions in cognitive dissonance theory.

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Total Magnitude of Dissonance (TMD)

Calculated as D/(D+C), showing the degree of dissonance present based on pressures inducing statements contrary to personal beliefs.

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Festinger & Carlsmith (1959)

Researchers who conducted studies on cognitive dissonance, analyzing how external pressures can influence personal beliefs and statements.

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Self-convincing effect

The phenomenon where individuals convince themselves of an opinion or argument, often through mental rehearsal after presenting a contrary view.

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Overt behavior

Behavior that is observable and can be influenced by external pressures, often resulting in cognitive dissonance when it contradicts private beliefs.

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Reward and punishment influence

The concept that greater rewards or punishments can reduce the magnitude of dissonance felt by individuals after acting against their personal beliefs.

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$1 vs $20 condition in experiments

In cognitive dissonance research, subjects offered $1 experienced higher dissonance compared to those who were offered $20, indicating reduced opinion change with increased reward.

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Laboratory Experiment

A controlled experimental setting used to test hypotheses related to cognitive dissonance, where subjects reported their opinions after engaging in a boring task.