Lesson 6: Mitochondria

Mitochondria

the organelles providing the energy (ATP) the cell requires for its activity

How big are Ribosomes in Mitochondria

70S

In which shape is the DNA inside of the Mitochondria

Circle shape

Types of cristae

General characteristics

-present in animal, plant and fungi cells

-large Size

-battery of enzymes and coenzymes tightly coordinated

that makes possible this metabolic and energetic function

Outer membrane

40% lipids / 60% proteins

Less cholesterol

-highly permeable

-Porins: hydroponics channel proteins

Intermembrane space

Similar to cytosol

Inner membrane

20% lipids/ 80% proteins

Almost impermeable → important for proton gradient

-many phospholipids

-no cholestrol

Proteins: components electron transport chain, ATP synthase, specific Transporters

Functions

-ATP production in cristae: Respiratory chain and oxidative phosphorylation

-cell survival

-apoptosis

Biogenesis

Can’t be produced only divided from other

Where are the proteins of mitochondria synthesised and how much percent do they self synthesize

By cytoplasmic ribosomes Encoded by nuclear DNA

Only 1%

Where does MtDNA come from

Only mother

Mitochondrial diseases

Can only come from mother

Endosymtbiotic theory

Mitochondria were first in prokaryotes than 2 organisms established symbiotic relationship.

Then both both divided and mitochondria became part component.

Facts that support the theory

-70S ribosomes

-mtDNA similar to prokaryotic

-prokaryotic protein synthesis inhibitors