Metals and non-metals

What are metals?

Metals are elements that are typically shiny, malleable, ductile, and good conductors of heat and electricity.

What are non-metals?

Non-metals are elements that are usually dull, brittle, and poor conductors of heat and electricity.

Examples of metals.

Iron, gold, copper, aluminum, and silver.

Examples of non-metals.

Oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur, phosphorus, and chlorine.

What is malleability?

Malleability is the ability of a material to be deformed under stress or pressure, allowing it to be shaped into thin sheets.

What is ductility?

Ductility is the ability of a substance to be stretched into a wire without breaking.

Is hydrogen a metal or non-metal?

Hydrogen is classified as a non-metal despite being located at the top of group 1 in the periodic table.

What is conductivity?

Conductivity is the ability of a material to conduct electricity or heat.

Are metals solid at room temperature?

Most metals are solid at room temperature, except for mercury, which is a liquid.

Are non-metals solid at room temperature?

Non-metals can exist in all three states at room temperature: solid, liquid, and gas.

What is the periodic table?

The periodic table is a tabular arrangement of elements organized by increasing atomic number and grouped by similar properties.

Where are metals located on the periodic table?

Metals are primarily located on the left side and in the center of the periodic table.

Where are non-metals located on the periodic table?

Non-metals are found on the right side of the periodic table.

What are alkali metals?

Alkali metals are highly reactive metals found in group 1 of the periodic table.

What are alkaline earth metals?

Alkaline earth metals are reactive metals found in group 2 of the periodic table.

What is the reactivity of metals?

Metals tend to lose electrons and form positive ions, making them reactive with acids and oxygen.

What is the reactivity of non-metals?

Non-metals tend to gain or share electrons during chemical reactions, forming negative ions or covalent bonds.

What are transition metals?

Transition metals are metallic elements that have partially filled d orbitals and are found in groups 3–12 of the periodic table.

What is an alloy?

An alloy is a mixture of two or more elements, where at least one element is a metal.

What are noble gases?

Noble gases are non-metals found in group 18, known for their lack of reactivity.

What is electronegativity?

Electronegativity is a measure of an atom's ability to attract and hold onto electrons.

Which group contains the most reactive metals?

Group 1 (alkali metals) contains the most reactive metals.

Which group contains the most reactive non-metals?

Group 17 (halogens) contains the most reactive non-metals.

What is a metalloid?

Metalloids are elements that have properties of both metals and non-metals, and are found along the zig-zag line on the periodic table.

What are the properties of metalloids?

Metalloids have a mixture of metallic and non-metallic properties, such as semi-conductivity.

What is a chemical bond?

A chemical bond is an attractive force between atoms that allows the formation of chemical compounds.

What types of chemical bonds can form between metals and non-metals?

Ionic bonds and covalent bonds can form between metals and non-metals.

What is an ionic bond?

An ionic bond is formed when one atom donates an electron to another atom, resulting in positively and negatively charged ions.

What is a covalent bond?

A covalent bond is formed when two atoms share electrons.

Are metals typically dense or light?

Metals are typically dense and have a high mass per unit volume.

Are non-metals typically dense or light?

Non-metals are typically lighter and less dense than metals.

What is oxidation?

Oxidation is a chemical reaction in which a substance loses electrons, often involving the reaction with oxygen.

What is reduction?

Reduction is a chemical reaction in which a substance gains electrons.

What are halogens?

Halogens are a group of non-metals found in group 17 of the periodic table, highly reactive and often form salts.

What is the significance of metals in construction?

Metals provide strength and durability, making them essential for construction materials.

What is the significance of non-metals in biological systems?

Non-metals, such as carbon, oxygen, and nitrogen, are essential for life and biological processes.

What is metallic bonding?

Metallic bonding is the force of attraction between free-floating electrons and the positively charged metal ions.

What are the physical properties of metals?

Metals are typically lustrous, conductive, ductile, and malleable.

What are the physical properties of non-metals?

Non-metals are typically dull, brittle, and poor conductors.

What is reactivity series?

The reactivity series is a list of metals arranged in order of decreasing reactivity.

What are some uses of metals?

Metals are used in construction, electrical wiring, transportation, and appliances.

What are some uses of non-metals?

Non-metals are used in fertilizers, pharmaceuticals, and in the production of plastics.

What is the impact of rust on metals?

Rust weakens metals, causing structural damage and degradation.

What is the role of non-metals in water?

Non-metals are crucial for maintaining the quality of water and help in biological processes.

What is metallurgy?

Metallurgy is the science and technology of extracting metals from their ores.

What are noble metals?

Noble metals are resistant to corrosion and oxidation, such as gold and platinum.

What is the boiling point trend for metals?

Most metals have high boiling points, but it varies among different metals.

What is the boiling point trend for non-metals?

Non-metals generally have lower boiling points compared to metals.

What is the atomic structure of metals?

Metals typically have a crystalline structure, with atoms arranged in a regular pattern.

What is the atomic structure of non-metals?

Non-metals can have a variety of structures, including molecular and atomic arrangements.

What is the significance of alloying metals?

Alloying metals can enhance properties such as strength, corrosion resistance, and durability.

What are covalent compounds?

Covalent compounds are formed when non-metals bond together by sharing electrons.

How does temperature affect metal conductivity?

As temperature increases, metal conductivity generally decreases due to increased resistance.

How does temperature affect non-metal conductivity?

Non-metal conductivity can vary widely and may increase or decrease with temperature.

What are some properties of gold?

Gold is a malleable, ductile, lustrous metal that is resistant to corrosion.

What are some properties of sulfur?

Sulfur is a brittle, yellow non-metal that is essential for life.

What is the significance of carbon?

Carbon is a fundamental element in organic chemistry and is essential for all known life.

What is the significance of silicon?

Silicon is a key element in electronics and solar cells.

What defines a metal?

A metal is defined by its ability to conduct heat and electricity and its malleability.

What defines a non-metal?

A non-metal is defined by its lack of metallic properties and poor conductivity.

What is the trend in reactivity of alkali metals?

The reactivity of alkali metals increases down the group.

What is the trend in reactivity of halogens?

The reactivity of halogens decreases down the group.

What is the significance of phosphorus in fertilizers?

Phosphorus is essential for plant growth and is a key ingredient in many fertilizers.

How do metals typically react with acids?

Metals typically react with acids to produce hydrogen gas and a salt.

How do non-metals react with metals?

Non-metals typically react with metals to form ionic compounds.

What are some characteristics of transition metals?

Transition metals exhibit variable oxidation states and form colored compounds.

What is a characteristic of noble gases?

Noble gases are characterized by their full valence electron shells, making them chemically inert.

How do metal ions behave in solution?

Metal ions typically carry a positive charge in solution.

How do non-metal ions behave in solution?

Non-metal ions can carry negative charges in solution.

What is the significance of copper?

Copper is widely used in electrical wiring and plumbing due to its high conductivity.

What is the significance of chlorine?

Chlorine is commonly used in water purification and as a disinfectant.

What is the trend of metallic character across the periodic table?

Metallic character decreases across a period and increases down a group.

What is the trend of non-metallic character across the periodic table?

Non-metallic character increases across a period and decreases down a group.

How are metals and non-metals categorized in terms of bonding?

Metals typically form ionic bonds with non-metals, while non-metals can form covalent bonds with each other.