1. KINSOL 2Y03 - Terminology and the Body Plan

Anatomy

Investgating Body’s structure

Physiology

Processes/Fucntion of living things

Levels of Organzation (small to big)

1.Chemical

• interaction of atom

2. Cell

• Structural and fucntional unit of living organisms

3. Tissue

• groups of similar cells + materials surrounding them

4. Organ

• 2+ tissues functioning together

5. Organ System

• Groups of organs functioning together

6. Organism

• Any living thing

Anatomical Position

• Body erect

• Face Forward

• Palm face forward

• Feet Togeteher
  
  (Thier left anf right matter)

Supine

Lying Face up (palms follow face)

Prone

Lying Face down (palms follow face)

Superior Vs Inferior

A.K.A. Cephalic Vs Caudal

Superior = Up to Head (cephalic)

Inferior = Down to Feet (caudal)

NOT USED IN LIMBS

Ways to remeber:
Super-man flies UP
Cauld-ron Sits on GROUND

Medial Vs Lateral

Middle Vs sides

(eyes are lateral nose) OR (nose is medial to eyes)

Proximal Vs Distal

-Refers to a attachment point (Ex: Shoulder)

• Proximal = ON point

  • Distal = Away from point

Superficial Vs Deep

• Relative to surface of body (middle = deep, front and back of body = superficial)

Anterior vs Posterior

AKA Ventral Vs Dorsal

Ventral/Anterior = front

Dorsal/Posterior = Back

ways to remeber:
Go “ANT” GO →

Close the “door”sal behide you ←

Parts of Head (top to bottom)

Frontal (Forehead)
Orbital (eye)

Ottic (ear) (LATERAL)

Nasal (Nose)
Buccal (Cheek
Oral(mouth)

Mental (chin)

Parts of Neck

Cervical (neck)

Collarbone

Clavicular

Thoracic (thorax)

Pectoral (chest)

Sternal (brestbone)
Mammary (breast)

Abdomen

Abdominal (Abdomen)
Umbillical (Navel)

Pelvis

Pelic (Pelvis)
Inguinal (Groin)
Pubic (Genital)

Upper Limb

Axillary (Armpit)

Brachial (Arm)

Antecubital (Front of elbow)

Antebrachial (Forearm)

Carpal (wrist)

Manual:

Palmar (palm)

Digital (fingers)

Lower Limb

Coxal (hip)

Femoral (Thigh)

Patellar (kneecap)

Crural (leg)

Pedal:

Talus (ankle)

Dorsum (top of foot)

Digital (toes)

Head (BACK VIEW)

Cranial (skull)

Occipital (base of skull)
Nucheal (back of neck)

Trunk (BACK VIEW)

Dorsal (back):

Scapular (shoulder blades)

Vertebral (spinal column)

Lumbar (loin)


Sacral (Between hips)
Gluteal (buttock)
Perineal (perineum)

Upper Limb (BACK VIEW)

Acromial (point of shoulder)

Olecranon (point of elbow)

Dorsum (back of hand)

Lower Limb (BACK VIEW)

Popiteal (holloww behind knee)

Sural (calf)

Plantar (sole)

Calcaneal (heel)

Body Planes

• Oblique (other than at right angle)

Midsagittal Plane (thru middle)

Parsagaittal Plane (not thru middle)

Planes through organ

Longitudinal Section/Plane

• Cut along length

Cross/Transverse

• Cut at right ankle to longitudinal section of length of organ

Oblique

• Cut at any angle but right angle

Doral Body Cavity

• Cranial cavity

• Vertebral Canal

  • Holds CNS (Central Nervous System) (essentially)

Ventral Body Cavity

3 MAIN BODY CAVITIES

• Divided by the diaphragm

  • Dome-shaped muscle inferior to the lungs

    • Aids in breathing

Thoracic Cavity

• Part of the Ventral Body Cavity

Holds:

• Lungs

• Heart

• Middle of Thoracic

  • Mediastinum

    • Contains all structures of the Thoracic Cavity except the lungs

Abdominal Cavity

• Part of the Ventral Body Cavity

Holds:

• Stomach

• Intestines

• Liver

• Spleen

• Pancreas

• Kidneys

(No Separation from the Pelvic cavity)

Pelvic Cavity

Holds:

• Urinary Bladder

• Part of the large intestine

• Reproductive Organs

(No Separation from the Abdominal cavity)

Serous Membranes

• Cover the organs of trunk cavities + lines the cavity

• Thin layer of epitilial tissue

• One big continous membrane that folds opon itself (forms double layer)

Ex: Water Balloon Analogy

inner wall of Serous Membrane

visceral

outer wall of Serous Membrane

Parietal

Cavity between Serous Membrane

• Lubricating serous fluid

• Produced by the membrane

Organs move while working (heart beating)

if not fuild = rubbing with ribs

• Damage to organs

Cavity fluid reduces friction

Pericardium

serous memebrane around heart

Pleura

serous memebrane around Lungs

Peritonium

Serous membrane around organs of the abdominal cavity

• Lots of organs

  • Connected by double membranes called peritoneal folds

Retroperoneal Organs

• SIt outside serous membrane