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What is speed in physics?
The rate at which an object moves, calculated as distance traveled per unit of time (Speed = Distance/Time). It has no direction.
What is velocity?
Speed with a direction (e.g., 50 mph north).
What is uniform motion?
Motion in which an object moves at a constant speed in a straight line.
How is acceleration defined?
The rate at which velocity changes over time, involving speeding up, slowing down, or changing direction.
What does inertia refer to?
The tendency of an object to resist changes in motion as described by Newton's First Law.
What is momentum?
The product of an object's mass and velocity (Momentum = Mass Ă— Velocity).
How is work defined in physics?
The energy transferred when a force is applied to an object and it moves in the direction of the force (Work = Force Ă— Distance).
What are the characteristics of a solid?
Fixed shape and volume.
What defines a liquid?
Fixed volume but takes the shape of its container.
Describe a gas in terms of its shape and volume.
Neither a fixed shape nor volume; expands to fill its container.
What is a wave?
A disturbance that transfers energy through a medium.
What are transverse waves?
Waves where particles move perpendicular to wave motion (e.g., water waves).
What are longitudinal waves?
Waves where particles move parallel to wave motion (e.g., sound waves).
What are sound waves?
Longitudinal mechanical waves that require a medium (air, water, or solid) to travel.
What is the difference between periodic and aperiodic sounds?
Periodic sounds have repeating wave patterns (e.g., musical notes), while aperiodic sounds are random and non-repeating (e.g., noise).
What is frequency in waves?
How often a wave cycles per second, measured in Hz.
Define amplitude in the context of sound waves.
The height of the wave, which determines loudness.
What does wavelength refer to?
The distance between two consecutive points in a wave.
What is the fundamental frequency?
The lowest frequency in a complex tone, determining pitch.
What is an incident wave?
The original wave that strikes a surface.
What does a reflected wave signify?
The wave that bounces back after hitting a surface.
How is resonance defined?
When an object vibrates at its natural frequency due to external vibrations.
What factors affect natural frequency?
Material, size, shape, and tension.
What is a harmonic in terms of frequency?
Multiples of the fundamental frequency.
What is the first harmonic?
The fundamental frequency.
What defines the second harmonic?
Twice the fundamental frequency.
What is the third harmonic?
Three times the fundamental frequency.
What is free vibration?
When an object vibrates on its own after an initial force.
What is forced vibration?
When an object vibrates due to another source’s vibration.
What is a resonator?
An object that amplifies certain frequencies.
What does Boyle’s Law state?
Pressure and volume are inversely related (if volume increases, pressure decreases and vice versa).
What are the lungs made of?
Elastic tissue that expands and contracts, not muscle.
What is the function of the diaphragm?
A dome-shaped muscle below the lungs that controls breathing.
What happens during inhalation?
The diaphragm contracts, increasing lung volume and decreasing pressure, drawing air in.
What occurs during exhalation?
The diaphragm relaxes, decreasing lung volume and increasing pressure, pushing air out.
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